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Reproduction > STI's > Flashcards

STI's Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most commonly reported STI

A

Chlamydia

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2
Q

What percentage of people with chlamydia are asymptomatic

A

70 percent of women

50 percent of men

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3
Q

What organism causes chlamydia

A

gram negative chlamydia trachomatis bacteria

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4
Q

Which age group has the highest incidence of chlamydia infection

A

20-24 year olds

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5
Q

What percentage of women with chlamydia develop Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

9 percent

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6
Q

What other conditions does PID put a woman at risk of

A

10 times more likely to have a ectopic pregnancy

15-20 percent increased risk of tubal factor infertillity

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7
Q

How may a symptomatic woman present with chlamydia infection

A

post coital or intermenstrual bleeding
lower abdo pain
dyspareunia
mucopurulent cervicitis

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8
Q

How can a man present with chlamydia

A

urethral discharge
dysuria
urethritis
epididymo-orchitis

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9
Q

What are the main complications of chlamydia infection

A

PID
tubal damage
chronic pelvic pain
neonatal transmission
conjunctivitis
SARA/reiter’s syndrome - more common in men
Perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-CUrtis syndrome)

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10
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for chlamydia

A

NAAT - nucleic acid amplification test

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11
Q

How should chlamydia be tested for

A

two weeks after possible exposure
females- vulvovaginal swab
men- first void urine
MSM- rectal swab also if receptive anal intercourse

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12
Q

How is chlamydia treated?

A

Azithromycin 1g single dose
Or Doxycycline 100mg BD for one week
No need to retest to ensure infection has cleared

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13
Q

What causes gonorrhoea and what are the common infection sites

A

gram negative intracellular diplococcus

Mucous membranes- urethra, endocervix, rectum and pharynx

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14
Q

How long is the incubation period of gonorrhoea infection in a man in the urethra

A

2-5 days

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15
Q

What is the risk of transmission of gonorrhoea between an uninfected and infected individual

A

20 percent risk from infected woman to male partner

50-90 percent risk from infected man to female partner

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16
Q

How does gonorrhoea present in males

A

Asymptomatic in less than 10 percent of cases
Urethral discharge in 80 percent
Dysuria
pharyngeal/rectal infections usually asymptomatic

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17
Q

how can gonorrhoea present in females

A

asymptomatic in up to 50 percent
increase/altered vaginal discharge (40 percent)
dysuria
pervic pain
pharyngeal and rectal infection usually asymptomatic

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18
Q

how is gonorrhoea diagnosed

A

Microscopy - urethral and endocervical swab
Culture- male urethra, femal endocervic
NAATs

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19
Q

How is gonorrhoea treated

A

1st line - ceftriaxone 500mg IM
Second line- Cefixime 400mg oral
Co treat with azithromycin 1g
Test cured in all patients

20
Q

What organism causes syphilis?

A

treponema pallidum

21
Q

How is syphilis usually transmitted?

A 
sexual contact
trans placental/during birth
blood transfusions
non sexual contact- health care workers 
It may be congenital or acquired
22
Q

what are the stages of acquired syphilis infection

A

Early infections - primary, secondary, early latent

Late non- infectious - late latent, tertiary

23
Q

how long is the incubation period for primary syphillus

A

9-90 days (mean is 21)

24
Q

what are the features of primary syphilis

A

Lesion is traditionally known as a primary chancre (painless)
Lesions appear at the site of inoculation
Sites are genital in 90 percent of cases
non tender local lymphadenopathy`

25
Q

what are the features of secondary syphilis

A 
skin rash
lesions on mucous membranes
generalized lymphadenopathy
patchy alopecia
condylomata lata
26
Q

how is syphilis treated

A

early- 2.4 MU benzathine penicillin x 1

late- 2.4MU benzathine penicillin x 3

27
Q

what is the incubation period for genital herpes

A

3-6 days

28
Q

how long does a primary herpes infection last

A

14-21 days

29
Q

what are the clinical features of genital herpes

A 
blistering and ulceration of external genitalia
pain
external dysuria
vaginal or urethral discharge
local lymphadenopathy - tender
fever and myalgia
30
Q

What HSV type is more commonly associated with recurrent episodes

A 
HSV 2
milder- thrush like symptoms
unilateral, small blisters
minimal systemic upset
resolves 5-7 days
31
Q

How is HSV diagnosed

A

swab ulcer for PCR

32
Q

how is HSV managed

A

oral acyclovir
lidocaine topical if pain
saline bathing
analgesia

33
Q

what is the most common viral sti in the uk

A

HPV - 80 percent lifetime risk of infection

34
Q

which types of HPV cause genital warts

A

6 and 11

35
Q

what is the incubation period of hpv

A

3 weeks to 9 months

36
Q

how is hpv warts treared

A

podophyllotoxin (warticon) - cytotoxic
imiquimod- can be used on all anogenital warts
cryothraphy
electoclautery

37
Q

What is the normal vaginal flora

A

Lactobacillus spp. with lactic acid +/- hydrogen peroxide

Step viridans
Group B strp
Small numbers of candida

38
Q

What predisposes to candidda

A

recent antibiotics
high oestrogen levels eg. pregnancy, certain contraceptives
diabetes
immunocompromised

39
Q

How does candida presetn

A

itchy white vaginal sicharge

40
Q

How Is candida diagnose

A

HVS for culture (usually c.albicans)

41
Q

How is candida treated

A

Cltrimazole cream or pessary

Oral fluconazole

42
Q

What causes bacterial vaginosis

A

Gardnerella vaginalis/mobiluncus sp.

43
Q

What are the symptoms of BV

A

thin watery fishy smelling discharge

44
Q

How is BV diagnosed

A

clinically
raised vaginal pH (more than 4.5)
HVS for microscopy - GLUE CELLS- subjective/inaccurate

45
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial vaginosis

A

metronidazole

Reproduction (52 decks)

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