Anatomy: Female Reproductive System and Breast Flashcards
Which parts of the female reproductive system lie in the pelvic cavity?
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior part of the vagina
What parts of the female reproductive system lie in the perineum
inferior part of vagina perineal muscles bartholin's gland's clitoris labia
Where is the perineum
inferior to the levator ani
Name the two pouches formed by the inferior part of the parietal peritoneum in the female
Vesico uterine pouch
Recto uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)
What is the clinical significance of the pouch of douglas
most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity- where fluid will collect
How can fluid be drained from the pouch of douglas
Via an needle passed through the posterior fornix of the vagina
what is the broad ligament of the uterus
a double layer of peritoneum
Where does the broad ligament of the uterus attach
extends between the uterus and the lateral walls & floor of the pelvis
What is the function of the broad ligament
helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position
contains within it the uterine tubes and (the proximal part of) the round ligament
What is the round ligament
an embryological remnant
what are the three layers of the body of the uterus
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
Which layer of the uterus sheds during menstruation
endometrium
Where does implantation of the zygote occur?
body of the uterus
What is the name of the pregnancy that occurs elsewhere
ectopic pregnancy
What are the three layers that support the uterus/
strong ligaments - uterosacral ligament
endopelvic fascia
muscles of the pelvic floor (levator ani)
what can happen if there is weakness in the structures that support the uterus
uterine prolapse (movement of uterus inferiorly)
What is the most common position of the uterus
anteverted and anteflexed
What is meant by anteverted
uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
what is meant by anteflexed
uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix (the mass of the uterus lies over the bladder)
What is a normal variation of the position of the uterus
retroverted and retroflexed
What is meant by retroverted?
uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
What is meant by anteflexed?
uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
What part is sampled in a cervical smear?
the squamo columnar junction
What is the name of the device used to hold the walls of the vagina apart
speculum
Where does fertilisation occur
ampulla
What hormones do the ovaries secrete in response to FSH and LH
oestrogen and progesterone
At what position can the ischial spines be palated on digital examination of the vagina
4 and 8 oclock
What may be palpated on digital vaginal exam
ischial spines
position of the uterus
adnexae
what type of muscle is the levator ani
skeletal muscles
What nerve supplies the levator ani
the nerve to the levator ani made of S3,4 and 4
what supplies the perineal muscles
the pudendal nerve
what is the perineal body
a bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach
located just deep to the skin
What is the function of bartholians gland
to secrete mucus to lubricated the vagina
Where is the female breast typically situated
from ribs 2 to 6
on deep fascia covering pec major and serratus anterior
what is the name of the space between fascia and breat
retromamary space
what attaches the breast to the skin
suspensory ligaments
what are the four quadrants used to describe the female breast
upper outer
upper inner
lower outer
lower inner
where does most lymph from the breast drain
ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes then supraclavicular lymph nodes
where can lymph from the lower inner breast drain
abdominal lymph nodes
what is a level 1 axillary lymph node
inferior and lateral to pec minor
what is a level II axillary lymph node
deep to pec minor
what is a level III axillary lymph node
superior and medial to pec minor
