Anatomy of O and G incisions

Question 1

What is a laparotomy

Answer 1

A vertical midline incision

Question 2

What type of incision is used in a lower segment caesarean or abdominal hysterectomy

Answer 2

Suprapubic or Pfannenstiel incision

Question 3

What is the linea alba

Answer 3

midline blending of aponeuroses

Question 4

where do the external oblique muscles attach

Answer 4

Between the lower ribs and iliac crest, pubic tubercle and linea alba

Question 5

What direction do the external oblique fibres run in

Answer 5

hand in pockets direction

Question 6

Where does the internal obliques attach

Answer 6

Lower ribs, thoracolumnar fascia, iliac crest and linea alba

Question 7

what direction dot he internal obliques run in

Answer 7

same direction as internal intercostals

Question 8

where does transversus abdominus attach

Answer 8

between lower ribs, thoracolumar fascia, iliac crest and linea alba

Question 9

what divides up each rectus abdominus

Answer 9

tendinous intersections

Question 10

What is the rectus sheath

Answer 10

combined aponeuroses of anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

Question 11

why is the rectus sheeth stitched up again after surgery

Answer 11

Increases the wound strength and reduces the risk of complications such as an incisional hernia

Question 12

What is the nerve supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 12

thoracoabdominal nerves
subcostal
iliohyogastric
ilioinguinal

Question 13

Where do the thoracoabdominal nerves emerge from

Answer 13

the 7-11th intercostal nerves

Question 14

what is the nerve root of the subcostal nerve

Answer 14

T12

Question 15

What is the root of iliohypgastric

Answer 15

L1

Question 16

What is the root of ilioinguinal

Answer 16

L1

Question 17

Where do the named nerves travel in the abdomen

Answer 17

they travel in the plane between internal oblique and transversus abdominus

Question 18

What is the blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 18

Superior epigastric arteries and inferior epigastric arteries

Question 19

Where does the superior epigastic artery continue form

Answer 19

the internal thoracic

Question 20

Where does the inferior epigastric artery branch from

Answer 20

the external iliac

Question 21

At what layer do both superior and inferior epigastric arteries lie in the abdomen

Answer 21

Posterior to rectus abdominis

Question 22

what arteries supply the lateral abdominal wall

Answer 22

Intercostal and subcostal arteries (continuation of posterior intercostal arteries)

Question 23

in what circumstance is the fasicila layer stitched closed

Answer 23

in increased BMI

Question 24

Why are misline laparotomies more difficult to heal

Answer 24

relatively bloodless - increases chance of wound complications

Question 25

In what areas are ports inserted for laparoscopy

Answer 25

subumbilical

lateral ports

Question 26

what artery can be injured when inserting a lateral port

Answer 26

inferior epigastric

Question 27

where is the deep inguinal ring situated

Answer 27

half way between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle

Question 28

where does the inferior epigastric artery emerge in the abdomen

Answer 28

just medial to the deep inguinal ring

Question 29

Which artery could be damaged easily in a hysterectomy

Answer 29

uterine artery - water under the bridge