Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction > Normal Labour and Peurperium > Flashcards

Normal Labour and Peurperium Flashcards

1
Q

What is the second stage of labour

A

From full dilatation to delivery of baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the third stage

A

Delivery of baby to expulsion of placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the factors that contribute to the initiation of labour

A

Change in oestrogen/progesterone ratio
Fetal adrenals and pituitary hormones
Stretch fibres in myometrium and cervix
Fergusons reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Fergusons reflex

A

Pressure on the cervix results in a release of oxytocin which increases contractility. The increases contractions acts as positive feedback on the pituitary resulting in more oxytocin release.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Role of progesterone in labour

A

Inhibits formation of gap junctions and therefore reduces contractility of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Role of oestrogen in labour

A

Makes uterus contract and promotes prostaglandin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the role of oxytocin in labour

A

Initiates and sustains contractions

Promotes prostaglandin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What defines the start of labour

A

Regular contractions which increase in strength and frequency and bring about cervical change.
The show and rupture of membranes does not define the start of labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is effacement

A

Process by which the cervix shortens in length as it be c ones included into the lower segment of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is the second stage of labour considered prolonged in a nulliparous woman

A

If more than 3hrs with regional anaesthesia

If more than 2hrs without

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is the second stage of labour considered prolonged ina multiparous woman

A

If more than 2hrs with RA

If more than 1hr without RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the average duration of the third stage of labour

A

About the minutes but can be up to thirty minutes

After one hour the placenta needs to be removed under GA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why would active management of the third stage be preferable to expectant

A

Decrease risk of PPH because oxytocin is injected into cord and ergometrine administered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most suitable type of pelvis for labour

A

Gnaecoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which pelvis shape is heart shaped and common in tall or Afro Caribbean women

A

Android

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of pelvis is wider in the AP direction

A

Anthropoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the normal feral position

A

Cephalic lying longitudinally. Vertex is occipital anterior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does placental separation occur

A

The deciduous basal is at the spongy layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three classic signs of the third stage of labour

A

Uterus hardens and contracts and rises
Umbilical cord lengthens
Gush of blood

20
Q

How long does it take for. Tissues to return to normal after puerperium

A

About 6 weeks

21
Q

What is the first stage of labour

A

Latent + active phase
Up to 3-4cm dilation = latent
4-10cm = active

22
Q

What is lochia

A

Vaginal discharge after birth - may contain blood mucus and endometrium

23
Q

What are the various colours of lochia

A

Rubra (red)
Serosa (brown)
Alba (yellow)

24
Q

How long does it take for the endometrium to regenerate after birth

A

About 1 week

25
Q

How long does it take for the fundal height to reduce and the umbilicas to be in the pelvis

A

Within 2 weeks

26
Q

What initiates lactation

A

Placental expulsion
Decrease in progesterone and oestrogen
Prolactin maintained

27
Q

What is the definition of engagement

A

When the widest part of the presenting part has passed through the pelvic inlet and is less than 2/5 palpable in the abdomen

28
Q

Which Fontannelle is larger

A

Anterior

29
Q

Where is oxytocin synthesised

A

Directly in the decidual and extraembryonic fetal tissue and in the placenta

30
Q

What happens to the number of oxytocin receptors in the myometrial and decidual tissues near the end of pregnancy

A

Increase

31
Q

What other factors may contribute to the initiation of labour

A

Pulmonary surfactant secreted into amniotic fluid stimulates prostaglandin release
Fetal cortisol rises stimulating maternal estriol
Increase in myometrial oxytocin receptors results in increase in calcium and uterine contractility

32
Q

How long may the latent phase of labour last

A

Can last days

33
Q

What causes cervical softening

A

Increase in hyaluronic acid results in increased molecules among collagen fibres decreasing the bridging of these fibres and softening the cervix

34
Q

What causes cervical ripening

A

Decrease in collagen fibre alignment, strength
Increase in cervical decorin
Decreases in strength of cervical matrix

35
Q

What is the pacemaker for contractions

A

Tubal ostia

36
Q

How often in the cervix assessed in normal labour

A

Approx four hourly

37
Q

What is bishops score used for

A

To asses whether induction of labour is required

38
Q

At why bishops score is it likely that labour will not start without induction

A

Five or less

39
Q

At what bishops score is it unlikely that induction will be very successful

A

Less than 8

40
Q

What are the five aspects of the bishops score

A 
Position
Consistency 
Effacement 
Dilatation 
Station in pelvis
41
Q

Dilatation

A

0cm = 0
1-2cm = 1
3-4cm = 2
5 or more = 3

42
Q

Effacement

A

0-30%= 0
40-50%= 1
60-70%= 2
80-100%=3

43
Q

Station

A

-3=0
-2=1
-1=2
+1 or +2=3

44
Q

Consistency

A 
Firm = 0
Med = 1
Soft= 2
45
Q

Position

A

Posterior 0
Mid 1
Anterior 2

46
Q

What are the analgesic options in pregnancy

A 
Paracetamol 
TENS 
Entonox
Diamond phone
Epidural
Remfentanyl
Spinal or epidural
47
Q

What blood loss in labour would be abnormal

A

Any volume greater than 500ml

Any blood loss prior to delivery apart fro the show

Reproduction (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions