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Reproduction > Histology of the Female Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Histology of the Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell

A

A cell with a true nucleus

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2
Q

Where are the follicles in the ovary

A

The cortex

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3
Q

What are the various parts of the ovary that we need to know

A

Superior fibrous cortex covered by epithelium
Medulla
Cortex
Hilum

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4
Q

What is important about the medulla

A

It is highly vascular

It contains connective tissue and nerves, lymph etc but no FOLLICLES

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5
Q

What is the hilum

A

It is the attachment of the broad ligament to the ovary, formed by the stroma of the medulla.

A group of helicine arteries enter the ovary via the hilum from the broad ligament and supply blood to the organ.

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6
Q

Where do helicine arteries branch from

A

the uterine arteries

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7
Q

What epithelium lines the ovary

A

Simple cuboidal

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8
Q

What are oogonia?

A

In early embryonic development (~week 6) germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis to form oogonia. These oogonia will go on to matur to oocytes.

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9
Q

How do oogonia mature to oocytes

A

via meiosis

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10
Q

What is oogenesis

A

The development of oocytes, the female germ cells, from oogonia.

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11
Q

What is folliculogenesis

A

The growth of the follicle, which consists of the oocyte and any associated support cells

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12
Q

What is atresia

A

Loss of oogonia and oocytes by an apoptosis based process. The cell is resorbed following cell death.

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13
Q

What is the name of the follicle when it is finished maturing

A

Graffian follicle

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14
Q

What are the phases of follicular development

A

Primordial
Primary
Growing primary
Pre antral —- these are all the Pre antral phases

Early antral
Graafian—–these are the antral phases

At this point the follicle is about 20mm

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15
Q

What happens to the oocyte if it fails to associate with pregranulosa cells

A

It will die

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16
Q

What type of cells are the pregranulosa cells

A

Initially they are squamous but if the follicle enters the growth phase they will become cuboidal

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17
Q

What defines the primary follicles

A

the cuboidal granulosa cells - zona granulosa

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18
Q

When are primary follicles present in the ovaries

A

from birth until puberty

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19
Q

What parts of the follicle begin to form around the primary follicle as it develops

A 
The theca (interna and externa)
The zona pellucida
20
Q

What secretes oestrogen precursors

A

theca interna

21
Q

What converts the oestrogen precusors to oestrogen

A

granulosa cells

22
Q

What is the antrum

A

A space filled with follicular fluid that forms and enlarges in the granulosa layer

23
Q

What cells are present around the zona pellucida

A

cumulus cells or corona radiata

24
Q

Explain what happens to the oocyte in the largest graafian follicle before ovulation

A
  • it will complete meiosis 1 to produce one cell called the secondary oocyte
  • this will enter the second phase of meiosis but stop at metaphase II
  • it will complete full meiosis to become a fully mature oocyte after it has been release (ovulation) and fertilised by sperm
25
Q

What happens to the follicle after ovulation

A

It becomes a corpus luteum

26
Q

What does the corpus luteum secrete

A

Progesterone (and oestrogens)

27
Q

What does P and Oest do

A

Prepares the uterus for implantation

28
Q

What does the corpus luteum become of it does not implant ie it is not fertilised

A

the corpus albicans

29
Q

What happens if implantation occurs

A

The placenta secretes HCG which prevents the degeneration of the corpus luteum and maintains progesterone levels (maintaining the pregnancy)

30
Q

Where does fertilization usually occur

A

In the ampulla of the fallopian tubes

31
Q

What is the epithelium in the ampulla

A 
folded mucosa
simple columnar epithelium
ciliated 
secretory cells
surrounded by smooth muscle (2 layers)
32
Q

what is the difference between the lining of the isthmus and the ampulla

A

less ciliate cells
mostly secretory
(three layers of smooth muscle)

33
Q

What are the layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium (inner secretoy mucosa)
Myometrium (3 layers of smooth muscle)
Perimetrium (loose connective tissue covered by a mesothelium)

34
Q

What is the endometrium divided into

A

the stratum functionalis- undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss
the stratum basalis -reserve tissues that regenerate the functionalis

35
Q

What happens to the uterus during the proliferative phase

A

The glands stroma and vasculature grow and this increases the thickness of the endometrium

36
Q

What is the epithelium that lines the glands in the uterus

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

37
Q

What causes the stroma in the uterus to proliferate

A

oestrogen

38
Q

What happens to the glands in the uterus during the secretery phase

A

they become coiled and secrete glycogen

39
Q

What is the epithelium of the cervix

A

stratified squamous epithelium on its vaginal surface

transitions to mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium,

40
Q

Where does cervical cancer most frequently occur

A

the transitions zone

41
Q

What is the difference between cervical secretions from the endocervical glands in the prolifeative phase vs the luteal phase

A

Proliferative = thin and wtery

Luteal phase = thick and viscous

42
Q

What are the four layers of the vagina

A

Non keratinuzed stratified squamous epithelium.
lamina propria
fibromuscular layer
Adventitia

43
Q

How does the vagina prevent pathogenic bacterial growth

A

commensal bacteria metabolise glycogen to lactic acid - pathogenic bacteria cannot grow in acidic environment well

44
Q

how is the vagina lubricated

A

by mucous from the cervical glans and fluid from the vessles of the lamina propria
no glands in the wall of the vagina

45
Q

At what level does the keratinized epithelium of the vagina become non keratinized stratifies squamous epithelium

A

the hymen

Reproduction (52 decks)

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