Perinatal Adaptation

Question 1

where does the ductus arteriosis connect

Answer 1

the pulmonary artery and the arch of the aorta

Question 2

when does the foramen ovale close

Answer 2

functionally by 3 mths

Question 3

when is functional closure of the ductus arteriousus complete

Answer 3

by 10-15 hours

Question 4

what causes the ductus arteriousus to close

Answer 4

oxygen

prostaglandidn open it

Question 5

what is different in the preterm infant

Answer 5

the preterm infants ductus arteriousus is not as sensitive to oxygen

Question 6

what are symptoms of failed adaptation

Answer 6

feeding difficulties and fast breathing rate
shortness of breath
cyanosis
sudden collapse

Question 7

What will occur as a result of aortic stenosis

Answer 7

hypertrophy of the left ventricle

Question 8

what is pulmonary atresisa

Answer 8

a congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve in which the valve orifice fails to develop. The valve is completely closed thereby obstructing the outflow of blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 9

list cyanotic heart defects

Answer 9

tetralogy of fallot
transposition of the great vessels
pulmonary atresia
hypoplastic left heart

Question 10

what is hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Answer 10

rare congenital heart defect in which the left heart is severely underdeveloped

Question 11

what happens in hypoxia in neonates

Answer 11

pulmonary artery constriction - as this is what happens in utero

Question 12

what things are acyanotic heart defects

Answer 12

ventricular septal defects
atrial septal defects
patent ductus arteriosus
pulmonary stenosis
coartication of the aorta

Question 13

what is tetralogy of fallot

Answer 13

P- pulmomary stenosis
O- overriding aorta
S- ventricular septal defect
H- right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 14

How is oxygenated blood supplied to the fetus

Answer 14

via the PLACENTA and umbilical vein

Question 15

what happens to the blood once it enters the fetus via the umbilical vein

Answer 15

half goes to liver

half goes to ductus venosus –>IVC and RA

Question 16

What is the ductus venosis

Answer 16

embryological vessels which drains blood from the umbilical vein to the IVC and heart

Question 17

what is the foramen ovale

Answer 17

opening between RA and LA in fetus to ensure blood bypasses the pulmonary circulation

Question 18

what is the ductus arteriosus

Answer 18

ensures blood goes from RV to aorta to supply lower part of body and go to umbilical artery instead of via pulmonary circulation

Question 19

what perfuses the upper part of the body

Answer 19

the left ventrical exlusively

Question 20

What happens to the vascular resistance in the pulmonary arteries when the first breath is taken

Answer 20

it falls

Question 21

what causes closure of the foramen ovale

Answer 21

the decrease in RA pressure (due to blood going into the pulmonary circulation) and the increase in LA pressure causes closure of the foramen ovale

Question 22

how does the pulmonary vasculature react to hypoxia

Answer 22

it constricts

Question 23

what is significant about the wall thicknesses of the LV and RV in the fetus

Answer 23

they are the same thickeness

Question 24

in what circustances does the ductus arteriousus remain open for longer

Answer 24

preterm

congenital heart disease - cyanotic type