Menstrual Disorders

Question 1

what hormone stimulates ovarian follicle development and oetrogen production

Answer 1

FSH

Question 2

which cells produce oestrogens

Answer 2

grandulosa cells

Question 3

what happens as a results of raising oestrogen and inhibin by dominant follicles

Answer 3

inhibits FSH

Question 4

what do declining FSH levels cause

Answer 4

atresia of dominant follicle

Question 5

when does ovulation occur

Answer 5

prior to LH surge - dominant follicle rupture and releases oocyte

Question 6

what occurs in the luteal phase

Answer 6

formation of the corpus luteum
progesterone production
luteolysis 14 days post ovulation

Question 7

what are the phases that the endometrium goes through during the cycle

Answer 7

proliferative
luteal
menstruation

Question 8

which hormone mediates the proliferative phase

Answer 8

oestrogen

Question 9

which hormone mediates the luteal phase

Answer 9

progesterone

Question 10

what are the mechanisms of menstruation

Answer 10

arteriorlar constriction results in shedding of the endometrial layer
fibrinolysis inhibits scare tissue formation

Question 11

how long does menstrual loss usually last

Answer 11

4-6 days

Question 12

what is the usual blood loss in menstruation

Answer 12

less than 80ml

Question 13

what is the length of an average cycle

Answer 13

28 days
(21-35days =normal)

Question 14

define the term menorrhagia

Answer 14

prolonged and increased menstrual flow

Question 15

metrorrhagia

Answer 15

regular intermentrual bleeding

Question 16

polymenorrhoea

Answer 16

menses occurring at less than 21 day intervals

Question 17

polymenorrhagia

Answer 17

increased bleeding and more frequent cycle

Question 18

menometrohagia

Answer 18

prolonged menses and intermentrual bleeding

Question 19

amenorrhoea

Answer 19

absence of menstruation for more than 6 months

Question 20

oligomenorrhea

Answer 20

menses at intervals of more than 35 days

Question 21

what is the term for menorrhagia with no organic cause and how common is it

Answer 21

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

50 percent of cases

Question 22

what local causes can cause menorrhagia

Answer 22

fibroids
adenomyosis
polyps
cervical eversion
endometrial hyperplasia
IUD
pelvic inflammatory disease
endometriosis
malignancy
hormone producing tumours
trauma
arteriorvenous malformations

Question 23

what is endometriosis

Answer 23

a conditions where parts of the womb lining are found outside of the womb

Question 24

what is an ovarian endometrioma

Answer 24

benign oestrogen dependent cyst found in woman of reproductive age

Question 25

what systemic disorders can cause menorrhagia

Answer 25

thyroid disease
diabetes
adrenal disease
prolactin disorders
von willebrand's
ITP
clotting factor deficit
anticoagulant drugs
pregnancy - miscarriage, ectopic, gestational trophoblastic disease, PPH

Question 26

what are the two types of dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Answer 26

anovulatory (irregular cycle) - 85 percent

ovulatory (regular cycle)