Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine > step 3 23 > Flashcards

step 3 23 Flashcards

1
Q

delayed puberty diagnosis

A

Absent testicular enlargement by age 14

Delayed growth spurt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

scrotal trauma management

A

Mild scrotal trauma – analgesics.

Significant scrotal pain and swelling require scrotal ultrasound to assess for testicular injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

scrotal trauma complications

A

Testicular fracture, dislocation, rupture, surgery if so.
Compression by scrotal hematoma
Testicular torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

comorbidities of PMS

A

depression, anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

effect of amoxicillin during infectious mono

A

Amoxicillin administration in a patient with infectious mononucleosis classically causes a generalized maculopapular rash.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

analgesic induced nephropathy presentation

A

florid nephrotic range proteinuria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

other factor strongly correlated with increased suicide risk

A

alcohol (disinhibiting effects of intoxication frequently contribute to suicide attempts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

next step after patient admits to SI

A

intent (desire to act on a suicide plan), and plan (details of method, place, time, and access to means).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

evidence-based treatment for reducing the risk of suicide in mood disorder patients?

A

lithium (protective effect may result from treating or preventing mood episodes and/or decreasing impulsivity and aggression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sequela of adolescent pregnancies

A

increased risk of fetal complications, including gastroschisis, omphalocele, preterm birth, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality. Maternal complications include preeclampsia and postpartum depression. Inadequate nutrition and physiologic immaturity are likely etiologies for many of these complications (since adolescents have increased nutritional requirements).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most important modifiable RF for stroke

A

blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when patients need tetanus booster for bites, etc.

A

only if their last dose was ≥5 years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how to work up lytic lesions once MM diagnosed

A

complete x-ray skeletal series (eg, skull, long bones, and spine)
- can’t use contrast, and should only use PET if x-ray is negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

use of Multiple linear regression

A

Evaluate the association between a quantitative dependent variable and independent variables of interest while controlling for the effects of other factors (adjustment variables)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is an umbrella term for

A

AVNRT
AVRT
Atrial tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

risk conferred by febrile seizures

A

increased risk of recurrence of febrile seizure + increased risk of epilepsy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

thyroid lymphoma presentation

A

rapid enlargement of the thyroid gland in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Pemberton’s sign is the presence of facial plethora or neck vein distention when the arms are raised and confirms an enlarged thyroid gland as the cause of esophageal obstructive symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

complications of estrogen deficiency for young women

A

osteopenia, osteoporosis, breast and vaginal atrophy, mild hypercholesterolemia, and infertility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

arrythmic complications of inferior wall MI

A

Sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

management of sinus bradycardia with inferior wall MIs

A
  • intravenous atropine. Temporary cardiac pacing is the treatment of choice in patients with persistent symptomatic bradyarrhythmias (eg, hypotension, dizziness, heart failure, syncope) that are not responsive to atropine.
  • Once cardiac pacing is initiated, this patient with STEMI should be taken for urgent revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

somatic symptom disorder vs illness anxiety disorder

A

somatic symptom = excessive anxiety and preoccupation with >1 somatic symptoms for at least 6 months
illness anxiety = minimal or no actual symptoms but is preoccupied with having a serious undiagnosed specific disease (eg, if the patient feared having a brain tumor)

22
Q

factitious disorder

A

Intentional falsification or inducement of symptoms with goal to assume sick role

23
Q

medication classes associated with orthostasis

A

diuretics, alpha blockers, or nitrates.

24
Q

first step after detection of adrenal incidentaloma

A

eval for hormone production

25
Q

workup of adrenal incidentaloma

A

serum electrolytes, dexamethasone suppression testing, and 24-hour urine catecholamine, metanephrine, vanillylmandelic acid and 17-ketosteroid measurement.

26
Q

indications for surgery with adrenal masses

A

1) functional tumors,
2) all malignant tumors (which demonstrate a characteristic heterogenous appearance on imaging),
3) tumors greater than 4 cm.

27
Q

other condition commonly associated with SIADH

A

pneumonia

28
Q

how to give ferrous sulfate in kids

A

given with juice between meals (vitamin C facilitates iron absorption)

29
Q

priapism management

A

Attempt simple interventions (eg, urination, cold compresses), but symptoms lasting >4 hours require invasive treatment. Management includes aspiration of the corpora cavernosa and intracavernosal injection of an alpha agonist (eg, phenylephrine).

30
Q

preconceptual folate dosing

A
  • All women planning pregnancy should begin supplementing 0.4 mg of folic acid daily >1 month
  • higher dose of 4 mg daily is recommended for women who have risk factors for a neural tube defect (eg, antiepileptic use, prior pregnancy with a neural tube defect)
31
Q

how to reduce risk of CLABSI

A

1) clean insertion site with chlorhexidine
2) usie maximal barrier precautions (eg, large sterile drape, mask) during insertion,
3) promptly remove the catheter when it is no longer needed.

32
Q

CLABSI RF’s

A

Line left in place >6 days.

33
Q

risk of infection in different central line sites?

A

subclavian vein (not the internal jugular vein) is considered to be associated with the least risk of infection. However, some studies now suggest no difference in infection rates among the femoral, internal jugular, and subclavian vein sites.

34
Q

cocaine related chest pain management

A

Benzodiazepines IV
nitroglycerin IV
Beta blockers contraindicated
CCBs for persistent chest pain
Phentolamine for persistent hypertension
IF persistent ST elevation (event absent troponemia → coronary angiography + PCI for myocardial infarction
IF new neuro deficits and persistent pain –> STAT CT-angiography (high risk for dissection)

35
Q

schizoaffective vs. schizophrenia

A

Schizoaffective disorder is differentiated from mood disorders with psychotic features by determining if the patient has had ≥2 weeks of psychotic symptoms in the absence of a major depressive or manic episode. Schizoaffective disorder is distinguished from schizophrenia by the presence of mood symptoms lasting a significant portion of the illness.

36
Q

first step in management of allergic disorders

A

avoidance of the allergen

37
Q

allergic rhinitis management

A

Allergen avoidance

Intranasal corticosteroids

38
Q

diptheria complications

A

Myocarditis occurs in up to two-thirds of patients; severe cases are associated with complete heart block and heart failure.

39
Q

first step in evaluation of possible duchenne’s

A

CK level

40
Q

duchenne’s prognosis

A

Wheelchair-dependent by adolescence

Death at age 20-30 from respiratory/heart failure

41
Q

DMD treatment

A

Glucocorticoids

42
Q

what is ethically allowed from pharmaceutical companies in reimbursing MD for research

A

physician LECTURERS are allowed to accept travel reimbursement and/or honoraria, as long as physician is disclosing info

43
Q

how to choose contraceptive for women

A

The progestin-releasing IUD is recommended for patients with heavy menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea. The copper-containing IUD is recommended for patients who have light menstrual periods, desire long-term contraception, and wish to avoid hormonal contraception.

44
Q

what is depot medroxyprogesterone?

A

an intramuscular injection given every 3 months, has a lower efficacy rate (94%) than a LARC. In addition, the need for serial injections decreases the likelihood of long-term continuation.

45
Q

best contraceptives?

A

Long acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), which include IUDs and contraceptive implants

46
Q

use of standardized incidence ratio (SIR) + how to calculate

A

used to determine if the occurrence of cancer in a small population is high or low relative to an expected value derived from a larger comparison population. It is calculated by dividing the observed cases by the expected cases.

47
Q

acute paronychia management

A

warm soaks; antiseptic agents or topical antibiotics can also be used

48
Q

Clinical manifestations of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity

A
  • coronary disease with myocardial ischemia and/or infarction, restrictive cardiomyopathy with diastolic dysfunction, pericardial disease, valvular abnormalities, and/or conduction defects.
  • Radiation therapy causes diffuse fibrosis in the interstitium of the myocardium, along with progressive fibrosis of the pericardial layers, cells in the conduction system, and the cusps and/or leaflets of the valves. It also causes injury to the intimal layer, with arterial narrowing typically involving the ostial parts of coronary vessels.
49
Q

presentation of anthracycline cardiotoxicity

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

50
Q

leading cause of death in hodgkin’s survivors

A

Secondary malignancy (eg, breast, lung or gastrointestinal cancer; acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma)

Medicine (71 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions