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Medicine > step 3 13 > Flashcards

step 3 13 Flashcards

1
Q

inflammatory myopathies are

A

PM/DM

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2
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica presentation

A

Systemic signs & symptoms

Stiffness > pain in shoulders, hip girdle, neck

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3
Q

PM management

A

systemic glucocorticoids, often with corticosteroid-sparing agents (eg, methotrexate, azathioprine)
Monitor for respiratory complications (ILD, diaphragm weakness) with PFTs if SOB
Cancer screening (can be paraneoplastic)

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4
Q

fibromyalgia presentation

A

Chronic widespread pain
Fatigue, impaired concentration
Tenderness at trigger points (eg, mid trapezius, costochondral junction)

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5
Q

back pain red flags

A

nighttime pain, age >50, unexplained weight loss, history of malignancy

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6
Q

management of back pain if red flags positive

A

ESR + plain film

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7
Q

polycythemia management

A

Check to see if on testosterone → order ABG to exclude hypoxia → if normal get epo level + hematology consult + nuclear red cell mass test for JAK2 (PV)

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8
Q

nephrolithiasis management

A

IF <5 mm, nothing (will pass spontaneously)
IF5- 10 mm – trial medical therapy (gentle hydration, pain control, alpha blockers). No admission if symptoms are controlled.
IF >10 mm, persistent pain, acute renal failure, or signs of sepsis → consult surgery

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9
Q

RSV/bronchiolities presentation

A

URI + increased work of breathing + wheezing

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10
Q

common sequela of RSV

A

recurrent wheezing

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11
Q

how to confirm brain death

A

apnea testing

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12
Q

doxazosin

A

alpha blocker used for BPH

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13
Q

NSTEMI orders

A

Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and platelet P2Y12 receptor blockers (clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor)
Nitrates
Beta blockers
Statins
Anticoagulant therapy (unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, bivalirudin, or fondaparinux)

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14
Q

primary treatment for invasive squamous cell skin cancer

A

surgery

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15
Q

indications for biventricular pacemaker

A

1) Left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%,
2) QRS duration of > 120 ms
3) New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV with optimal medical therapy

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16
Q

graves disease vs. silent thyroiditis and postpartum thyroiditis on RAIU

A

thyroid hormone synthesis, from PT and silent thyroiditis, which are characterized by thyroid inflammation and release of preformed hormone. Graves disease has a high RAIU, whereas PT and silent thyroiditis have a low RAIU

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17
Q

sensitivity analysis in research

A

repeating primary analysis calculations in a study by modifying certain criteria or variable ranges to determine whether such modifications significantly affect the results initially obtained

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18
Q

Propensity scoring

A

weighs different variables (eg, severity of different comorbidities) in both the treatment and the control groups to ensure that these variables are balanced between both groups. An individual in the treatment group can be matched with an individual in the control group who has a similar propensity score. Matching can also be conducted based on similar variables (eg, age, sex) even in the absence of propensity scoring.

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19
Q

management of exercise induced functional amenorrhea

A

Increased caloric intake
Estrogen
Calcium & vitamin D

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20
Q

problem with gingko

A

increased bleeding risk

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21
Q

side effects of OCPs

A

Unscheduled bleeding is the most common side effect of the combined oral contraceptive pill and occurs due to a thin atrophic unstable endometrium that sheds erratically. Oral contraceptives do not cause weight gain or impaired fertility.

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22
Q

management of parent refusing life-saving care for child

A

If a parent refuses medically necessary care for a child in an emergency situation, treatment should proceed while simultaneously seeking a court order to continue care.

23
Q

Pregnancy-induced pruritus presentation

A

pruritus in pregnancy with no skin changes. very common.

24
Q

intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy presentation

A 
Generalized pruritus
Hands &amp; foot involvement
No rash
↑ Bile acids
Transaminitis
25
Q

management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

A

Delivery at 37 weeks
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Antihistamines

26
Q

cutoff for reduced vs preserved heart failure

A

LVEF ≤40

27
Q

cognitive testing suggestive of dementia

A

MMSE (score <24/30 suggestive of MCI/dementia)

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (score <26/30)

28
Q

common complication of CABG

A

pericarditis

29
Q

selection bias

A

sample is unrepresentative of target population

30
Q

nonresponse bias

A

high rate of nonresponders to survey/questionnaires alters results

31
Q

attrition bias

A

high drop out rate can introduce bias if drop out people differ significantly

32
Q

prevalence bias

A

exposures that happen long before disease assessment can cause study to miss diseased patients that die early or recover

33
Q

erb duchenne palsy cause

A

macrosomia leading to shoulder dystocia

34
Q

skin tag associations

A

obesity, insulin resistance, overt diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

35
Q

derm association of GI malignancy

A

Explosive onset of multiple itchy, seborrheic keratoses

36
Q

IBD derm association

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum

37
Q

acanthosis nigricans

A

Insulin resistance

Gastrointestinal malignancy

38
Q

polyhydramnios definition

A

an amniotic fluid index >24 cm

39
Q

polyhydramnios causes

A

maternal diabetes mellitus (osmotic diuresis, fetal polyuria, and polyhydramnios) and congenital anomalies (eg, anencephaly, duodenal atresia)

40
Q

polyhydramnios complications

A

Fetal malposition
Umbilical cord prolapse
Preterm labor
Preterm premature rupture of membranes

41
Q

oligohydramnios complications

A

Meconium aspiration
Preterm delivery
Umbilical cord compression

42
Q

oligohydramnios causes

A 
Preeclampsia
Abruptio placentae 
Uteroplacental insufficiency
Renal anomalies  
NSAIDs
43
Q

evidence for st johns wort

A

good evidence for mild to moderate depression

44
Q

presentation of esophageal perforation

A

repeated episodes of vomiting + left-side pleural effusion

45
Q

grief versus depression

A

Persistent sadness, pervasive anhedonia, and functional impairment

46
Q

G6PD presentation in newborn

A

neonatal period on day of life 2-3 with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and anemia

47
Q

point of funnel plots

A

publication bias

48
Q

biggest risk factor for PID

A

multiple sexual partners

49
Q

NF2

A

bilateral deafness (from acoustic neuromas) + hypopigmented spots (cafe-au-lait)

50
Q

postpartum endometritis abx

A

clindamycin and gentamicin

51
Q

PPV equation

A

PPV = True positives ÷ (True positives + False positives)

52
Q

NPV equation

A

NPV = True negatives ÷ (True negatives + False negatives)

53
Q

positive LR equation

A

sensitivity / (1 − specificity)

54
Q

negative LR equation

A

(1 − sensitivity) / specificity

Medicine (71 decks)

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