stem cells: Flashcards
What are stem cells?
= undiffenriated cells that can continoiusl dvicide and become specalised
What are totipotent stem cells?
= divide and produce into any type of body cell
= translate only part of their DNa resulting in cell specialisation
= occur only for a limited time in mamalian embryo
What are pluripotent cells?
= found in embroys
= become almost any type of cell
= divide in umtlimited numbers
= used in research to treat human disorders- however these stem cells may continue to divide to produce tumours
= ethical issues
What are multipotent and unipotent cells?
= found in mature mammals
= divide to form a limited number of different cell types
= multipotent can diffentriate into limited number of cells
= unipotent cells can diffentriate into one type of cell
What is the source of stem cells from embryos like?
= up to 16 days of fertilisation, contain stem cells- pluripotent,
What is the source of stem cells from umbilical cord blood and placenta?
= multipotent stem cells
= placenta has stem cells that are multipoten
What are adult stem cells?
= bone marrow
= produce different cells, to repair those within a particular tissue and or organ
What are induced pluripotent stem cells?
= iPS
= produced from adult unipotent cells, using appropriate transcriptional factrs, to overcome ethical issues, with embryonic stem cellsm
How do ips cells work?
= created fom adult unipotent cells, altered in lab to return to a state of pluripotency
= the genes that were switched off, to make the cell specalised are switched on using transcriptional factors
= self renewabl so can divide indefinityl to give limitless supplies
= used in medical treatment instea o emgyrpnicstem cells
What are the ethical reasons for pluripotent cells?
= whether it is right to make a therpatic clone of yourself, tp make an embryo , to get the stem cells to treat diseases to then destroy said embryo
