producing dna fragments

Question 1

What is recombinant dna technology?

Answer 1

= transfer of fragments of DNA from one organism or species to another and since the egnetic code is universal, these genes can be ranslated with cells of the recipient.

Question 2

What is the first step?

Answer 2

= prduce and isolate frag,ments of DNA to be recombinded with another [eice of dna

Question 3

What are the 3 methods to create fragments of DNA?

Answer 3

= reverse transcription
= restriction endonuclease
= gene machine

Question 4

How do we use the reverse transcriptase method?

Answer 4

= enzye reverse transcriptae make DNA copies from mrna
= naturally occurs in viruses such as HIV
= cell that naturally produces the protein of interest is selected
= these cells should have lots of mrna of the protein
= reverse transciptase joins dna nucleotides together with complementayr bases to the mrna sequence
= single stranded dna is produced, cdna
= to make this dna fragment double stranded, the enzyme DNA polymerase is used

Question 5

What is an advantage of cdna?

Answer 5

= is intron free
= based on mrna template

Question 6

How does restriction endonuclease work?

Answer 6

= enzyme cut the DNA at restriction sites to form dna fragments
= comeplementary to a base sequne at a specifix restriction site
= same cut thriugh the same locqtion in the diule strand to create a blunt end
= some create staggered ends with exposed bases, these form a palandromic base sequence of sticky ends, and they can join to complementary dna base pairs

Question 7

What does a gene machine do?

Answer 7

= dna fragments can be created in a lab
= scientists examine the protein of interest, identify amino acid sequence work out what rmrna and dna base sequence woiuld be
= dna sequence is entered into a computer, checks for biosafety and biosecutity of the dna being safeand ethical
=

Question 8

What can the computer make?

Answer 8

= small sections of overlapping dna strands
oligonucleotides
= can then be joined to create the DNA for the entire gene
= pcr can be used amplifu the

Question 9

what are the advantages of this process?

Answer 9

= quick
= accurate
= intron free dna
=

Question 10

What is an advantage of reverse transcriptase?

Answer 10

= mrna present in cells from activley transcribed genes, so lots of mrna of intereres

Question 11

What are the disadvantages of reverse transcriptase?

Answer 11

= more steps, so more time, consuming and more difficult