Staphylococcus 2 Flashcards
T or F S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans causes otitis externa in dog
True - however ear infection may be due to multiple bacteria, yeast, and parasites
What are the clinical signs of pyoderma from S. pseudintermedius in dogs?
Dermatitis and folliculitis (rarely systemic)
Starts as papular lesions → pustules and small intradermal abscesses
Deep skin lesions (furuncles/large haemorrhagic bullae) may rupture → fistulous tracts with pus
What treatment should be given to a dog with pyoderma due to S. pseudintermedius? (5 points)
- Drain abscesses
- Depends on whether lesions are deep or superficial
- Topical antiseptics
- Topical and/or systemic antibiotics
- Staphage lysate
Which tick transmits S. aureus? How does it transmit the bacteria?
Ixodes ricinus
bite permits entry of S. aureus + Anaplasma phagocytophilum causing tick fever leading to immune suppression & predisposing to infections
Where is Tick pyemia commonly seen?
Common in the UK and Ireland
What are the clinical signs of tick pyemia?
arthritis, ill-thrift, posterior paresis and severe cases septicemia, multi organ abscesses and death
Botryomycosis present how in a horse?
Scirrhous cord a few weeks post castration
Commonly located in the limbs near the point of the elbow
In sows where do we see Botryomycosis?
Occurs in mammary tissues
How is S. aureus transmitted in sows and horses?
Post-surgery
Trauma with contamination
How do we treat and control Botryomycosis (S. aureus) in horses and pigs?
Surgical excision
Prolonged systemic antibiotics after sensitivity testing
Good hygiene
Exudative epidermitis/Greasy pig disease treatment and control is done how? (5 factors)
- Early treatment with topical and systemic antibiotics
- Topical antiseptics
- Isolate infected pigs
- Clean and disinfect surfaces
- Wash sows with antiseptic before farrowing
S. aureus bovine staphylococcal mastitis is due to what factors?
Endogenous/contagious mastitis
Adapted to the bovine udder colonizing the teat and teat canal
What is the pathogenesis of S. aureus in bovine mastitis?
Neutrophils and macrophages are impaired (due to milk fat)
Chronic inflammation (terminal alveoli)
Occasionally gangrenous
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is associated with what clinical signs:
Pyoderma
Otitis externa
Other suppurative conditions - Mastitis, Endometritis, Cystitis, Osteomyelitis, Wound infections
T or F S. aureus occasionally causes suppurative conditions
TRUE
Diagnosis of Staphylococcal infections in dogs and cats:
Culture and microscopy from clinical swabs
T or F Staphylococcal infection in dogs and cats does not require abx sensitivity testing.
False - need to do sensitivity testing prior to choosing abx
What are the most important control measure for staphylococcal infections in dogs and cats?
Aseptic surgical techniques
Sanitization of clinics/hospitals
Pyoderma in dogs is caused by what Staphylococcus spp?
S. pseudintermedius
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius may be primary or secondary cause of otitis externa in dogs. This means that when treating the infection we need to do what?
Need to treat all contributing factors of the condition. Eg. mites, fungi
What causes Tick pyemia in lambs?
S. aureus
What would we need to confirm S. aureus infection?
clinical symptoms & isolation of S. aureus bacteria
How do we treat tick pyemia (S. aureus) in lambs?
Prophylactic antibiotics e.g. long-acting tetracycline given to lambs starting at 1 week of age
Tick-control measures
Botryomycosis in horses and sows is caused by what staphylococcus?
S. aureus (mainly) causing chronic, suppurative, granulomatous condition
Diagnosis of Botryomycosis in horses and sows:
History, epidemiology and clinical signs
Lesion consists of fibrous tissue with foci of pus and sinus tracts
Lab diagnosis of Botryomycosis needs what types of specimen?
Samples - pus, skin biopsy
Culture and microscopy
What causes Exudative epidermitis/”greasy pig disease”?
Staphylococcus hyicus
Where is greasy pig disease found?
worldwide
What age of pig is most common to see greasy pig disease in?
Occurs in sucklers and weaned pigs up to 3 months of age
How is exudative dermatitis/greasy pig transmitted?
Highly contagious
A commensal of the vaginal mucosa and skin of healthy sows
Enter skin through abrasions
What are the predisposing factors for greasy pig infection?
Agalactiae in the sow
Concurrent infection
Weaning (due to stress)
What is the major virulence factor of S. hyicus?
Exfoliative toxin is the major virulence factor
What clinical signs are associated with greasy pig disease?
Anorexia, depression, fever
Extensive, exfoliative, non-pruritic dermatitis with a greasy exudate
Piglets under 3 weeks of age may die within 24 to 48 hours
How do we diagnose greasy pig disease?
Clinical signs: exudative epidermitis
Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus hyicus
What staphyloccus spp. causes bumblefoot in poultry? What else does it cause?
S. aureus (mainly) - causing pododermatitis/dermatitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, bacteria and septicaemia (rarely)
What are the clinical signs of bumblefoot infection due to S. aureus?
lameness, decreased food intake and growth rate
Diagnosis of bumblefoot is based on what?
clinical signs
How is bumblefoot (S. aureus) treated in poultry?
soaks, scab removal, antibiotic ointments, dressings
What staphylococcus spp. causes Bovine staphylococcal mastitis?
S. aureus (mainly)
How do we diagnose bovine staphylococcal mastitis?
Direct microscopic examination of the milk
Culture
How is S. aureus spread in bovine staphylococcal mastitis?
Infection spreads by milkers, machines, cloths
How does S. aureus cause infection to the teat in cows?
-Colonization of the apex of the teat, forms microcolonies -Enter teat canals, multiply in milk (poor milking machines facilitate entry)
Bovine staphylococcal mastitis Treatment and control:
Parenteral antibiotics (IM, SC) Intramammary antibiotics
Systemic Antibiotics
Oxytocin - In combination with hand stripping
Improve animal husbandry and milking practices
Maintain a good milking machine/system
What is the common staphylococcal disease seen in humans?
Food poisoning - via custard and cream-filled baked goods and mayonnaise-based dressings
The risks for food poisoning in humans is increased via:
Temperature abuse and poor hand washing
Staphylococcal disease in humans can also be seen as what asides from food poisoning?
Exfoliating or Scalded Skin Syndrome
