Mycoplasma Flashcards
Media required for mycoplasma spp
soft agar with 20% serum + antibiotics
Do mycoplasma spp stain well with gram stain?
no - lack cell wall
also very small
Are mycoplasma spp reistant to penicillin?
yes - resistant to antibiotics that affect cell wall
Oxygen requirements for mycoplasma spp
facultative anaerobes
Tranmission of mycoplasma spp
aerosol
venereal
vertical
Virulence factors of mycoplasma spp
capsular material
contractile protein
cytotoxins
endotoxin
metabolic competition
surface antigen variation
Appearance of mycoplasma in culture
fried egg appearance
Causative agent of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides
Where is CBPP endemic?
Africa, Asia, Middle East, Mediterranean
Differentials for mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (CBPP)
Pasteruella and Mannheimia
hemorrhagic septicemia
Clinical signs of CBPP
fever
labored breathering
cough
head extended
mucopurlulant nasal discharge
death 1-3 weeks
CBPP Diagnosis
clinical signs
postmortem lesions
FA test on pleural fluid
ELISA
latex agglutination tests
Prevention of CBPP
serological testing of cattle before importation
test and claughter
treatment = carriers = not recommended
vaccinate in endemic areas
Causative agent of mycoplasma in sheep and goats
mycoplasma agalactiae
Where is m. agalactiae a cause of concern?
worldwide distribution
but mostly an issue in Europe
Clinical manifestations of m. agalactiae in sheep and goat
severe mastitis
reduced milk production
complete fibrosis
septicemia
death
arithitis in animals that survive and recover
Treatment of mycoplasma in sheep and goats
tetracycline
Control of mycoplasma in sheep and goats
cull affected animals
Causitive agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP)
M. capricolum subsp capripneumoniae
Where is CCPP endemic?
Africa and Middle East
Clinical signs of CCPP
fever
accelerated respiration
coughing
extended neck
continuous salivation
mucopurulent nasal discharge
inability to move
death
Is M. capricolum subsp capripneuomoniae easy to culture?
no - difficult to isolate and grow
CCPP diagnosis
frozen samples are best
special mycoplasma media used
pleural fluid on filter paper can be sent for PCR
serodiagnosis via latex agglutination tests
Prevention and control of CCPP
test and slaughter
endemic regions: vaccines and antibiotics
What antibiotics are used to treat CCPP in endemic areas?
tetracyclines
tylosin
tiamulin
What is MAKePS syndrome?
disease caused by various mycoplasmas
causes:
mastitis
arthritis
keratitis
pneumonia
septicemia
Treatment for MAKePS
tetracycline
but not for mastitis - cull
Causative agent of ovine eperythrozoonosis
mycoplasma ovis
Clinical signs of ovine eperythrozoonosis
fever
anemia
enlarged soft spleen
death
Carriers of mycoplasma ovis
ewes
+/- arthropods
Diagnosis of ovine eperythrozoonosis
blood smear
FA on body fluids
Treatment of ovine eperythrozoonosis
tetracycline
Causative agent of swine mycoplasmoses - enzootic pneumonia
M. hyopneumoniae
Signs of M. hyopneumoniae
coughing
poor growth
postmortem: consolidation of apical, cardiac lobes
Diagnosis of m. hyopneumoniae
FA on sample
culture
Treatment for m. hyopneumoniae
tylosin
tiamulin
linocmysin
How are the vaccines for m. hyopneumoniae?
poor protection
Causative agent of chronic polyserositis, arthritis in young pigs
M. hyorhinis
Clinical signs of M. hyorhinis
fever
labored breathing
lamness
swollen joints
postmortem: serofibrinous pleurisy, pericarditis, peritonitis
Diagnosis of M. hyorhinis
lesions
culture
Differentials for M. hyorhinis
haemophilus parasuis
streptococcus suis
Treatment of M. hyorhinis
tylosin or lincomycin early
Causative agent of polyarthritis in pigs 10-30 weeks of age
M. hyosynoviae
Diagnosis of M. hyosynoviae
culture ID
Prevention of M. hyosynoviae
early weaning
prophylatic tylosin in feed
Is there a vaccine for M. hyosynoviae?
no
Diseases caused by M. gallisepticum
chronic respiratory illness - chickens
infectious sinusitis - turkeys
Signs of chronic respiratory illness
nasal discharge
tracheal rales
coughing
sneezing
Signs of infectious sinusitis
swelling of paranasal sinuses
conjunctivitis
decreased growth
decreased egg production
Diagnosis of M. gallisepticum
culture
HI on serum
Treatment of M. gallisepticum
tetracyclines - feed
tylosin - water
Prevention of M. gallisepticum
developing disease free flocks
dip eggs in tylosin and heat to 46C
vaccines (?)
Causative agent of infectious synovitis in poultry
M. synoviae
Signs of M. synoviae
synovitis
arthritis
lameness
respiratory signs
Diagnosis of M. synoviae
culture
serology
Treatment of M. synoviae
tetracyline - feed
lincomycin-spectinomysin - water
What does M. cynos cause?
part of kennel cough complex
What does M. canis cause?
endometritis
infertility
What does ureaplasma species cause?
possible infertility (canine)
What does M. haemocanis cause?
infectious anemia of splenectomized or immunocompromised dogs
Diagnosis of canine mycoplasmoses
culture: coccoid organisms seen on RBCs
PCR
isolation can be difficult
Treatment of canine mycoplasmoses
doxycycline for acute cases
What does M. felis cause?
conjunctivitis - young cats
repiratory disease
arthritis
What does M. gatae cause?
chronic arthritis/tenosynovitis
What does M. haemofelis cause?
feline infectious anemia - contagious disease, especially in flea infested free roaming cats
Tramission of M . haemofelis
bite wounds
vertical
Signs of M. haemofelix
servere hemolytic anemia
death
chronic, weak carriers
Diagnosis of feline mycoplasmoses
blood smear FA
PCR
non-culturable
Treatment of feline mycoplasmoses
tetracyclines
fluoroquinaolones
blood transfusion
Do mycoplasmas cause disease in horses?
not commonly but can
m. felis
m. equigenitalium
Do mycoplasmas cause disease in rodents?
yes
m. pulmonis - respiratory disease
