Bordetella and Bartonella Flashcards
Defining characteristics of Bordetella spp.
gram negative rods/coccobacilli
commensals of URT
obligate aerobes
motile
Does Bordetella spp ferment lactose when cultured on MAC?
no but it does grow
Virulence factors of Bordetella spp
hemagglutination
fimbriae
toxin production
How is Bordetella transmitted?
carriers pass the bacteria to naive, young animals
Predisposing factors leading to Bordetella infection
stress
crowding
poor ventilation
Toxins produced by Bordetella spp
adenylate cyclase hemolysin
tracheal cytotoxin
dermonecrotic toxin
Diseases caused by B. bronchiseptica in different species
dogs: acute tracheobronchitis (kennel cough)
pigs: atrophic rhinitis
cats: tracheobronchitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia
rabbits: snuffles
How is kennel cough described?
inflammation of the trachea and bronchi
typically self-limiting disease transmitted by aerosols
can be secondary to viral infections
Clinical sigs of kennel cough
coughing 2-3 weeks
vomiting
weight loss
Which form of atrophic rhinitis in swine is caused by B. bronchiseptica?
nonprogressive form
Clinical signs of feline broncho-pneumonia caused by B. bronchiseptica
cyanosis
death in younger cats
Is there a vaccine available for feline broncho-pneumonia?
yes
intra-nasal live vaccine
Disease caused by B. avium
coryza in turkeys, quail and chickens
Clinical signs of B. avium
ocular and nasal discharge
conjuctivitis
Morbitity of B. avium in young turkeys
80-100%
What type of selective medium can be used to culture and isolate Bordetella?
Smith-Baskerville medium
or add antibiotics to blood agar
Are Bordetella spp oxidase, catalase, citrate, and urease positive?
oxidase pos
catalase pos
citrate pos
urease pos - B. avium is urease neg
Can radiographs be used to diagnose Boredetella infections?
yes
Treatment of kennel cough in dogs?
antibiotics: TMS, tetracycline or enrofloxacin
Treatment of atrophic rhinitis in pigs
antibiotics
medicated feed for pigs
Is antibiotic treatment effective for treating Coryza in turkeys?
usually not effective
Is there a vaccine available for Bordetella in dogs?
yes
live intranasal and IM vaccines
Is there a vaccine available for bordetella in turkeys?
yes - available for turkeys older than 3 weeks
Treatment and control of coryza in turkeys
control respiratory stressors
chlorination of drinking water
tetracycline can be used but not very effective
General characteristics of Bartonella spp
gram neg
slow growing
facultative intraceullar pathogen
How is Bartonella transmitted?
transmitted via arthropods
fleas, body lice, sand flies, ticks
Pathogenesis of Bartonella
infect erythorcytes, endothelial cells and macrophages
characterized by an intraerythrocytic bacteremia
Cat scratch disease is caused by
Bartonella henselae
Carrion’s disease is caused by
Bartonella bacilliformis - sand flies
Trench fever is caused by
Bartonella quintana - body lice
Clinical signs of cat scratch disease
lymohadenitis
fever
meningitis
polyarthritis
Do cats typically show signs of being infected by Bartonella henselae?
NO
Diagnosis of Bartonella
culture, PCR, immunofluorescence antibody testing
