Erysipelothrix + Listeria Flashcards
Which ERYSIPELOTHRIX can infect fish, birds, mammals, and swine especially?
E. rhusiopathiae
Which bacterium is Gram positive, nonspore forming, facultatively anaerobic, with slender rods and alpha hemolysis?
E. rhusiopathiae
When E. rhusiopathiae infects swine what is it called?
Erysipelas
Bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin (upper dermis), characterized by a raised, well defined, red rash on the the skin is what infection in swine?
Erysipelas
In humans, what infection does E. tonsillarum cause?
Erysipeloid
E. rhusiopathiae primary reservoir is what species?
swine but common on fish skin
What is the habitat for E. rhusiopathiae?
Present in sewage or ground contaminated with feces. *but it doesnt survive too long in environment
What is the mode of infection for E. rhusiopathiae?
ingestion or scratches/wounds
The following virulence factors belong to what bacterium? Capsule: Acidic Polysaccharide. Surface proteins: Adhesion. Hyaluronidase: Spreading factor. Neuraminidase: Cleaves sialic acid on the cell surface, leading to vascular damage and thrombus formation. Type III hypersensitivity: Aarthritis
E. rhusiopathiae
What age of pig is more susceptible to Erysipelas?
3 mo to 3 yr
How do swine become infected with Erysipelas?
Infection of pigs orally via fish meal , contaminated feed, water; skin wounds, insect bites
What form of Erysipelas presents this way - acute in young pigs: fever, red/purple skin patches, death if untreated
septicemic form
Which form of Erysipelas presents this way - less acute, diamond shaped red, raised areas lead to necrosis which leads to scabs (thrombi - > lesions)
skin form
Which form of Erysipelas presents as arthritis and endocarditis?
chronic form
Skin lesions due to Erysipelas occur when in regards to infection?
Appear on days 2 to 3 and disappear on days 4 to 7.
If the lesions caused by E. rhusiopathiae are Dark purplish to red?
likely death
In sheep and cattle, what is the common clinical sign of Erysipelas?
Polyarthritis
In which sex of Turkeys is Erysipelas more common?
males
How does Erysipelas present in Turkeys?
Acute: swollen snoods, septicemia, death
How do we treat Erysipelas in Turkeys?
Treat: Penicillin IM. Vaccinate problem flocks
How would we diagnose Erysipelas?
Clinical Signs: Fever, arthritis, and skin lesions. Bacteriological examination. Recovery within 24 to 36 hours with penicillin.
What medications can be used to treat Erysipelas?
Penicillin, Tetracycline, Lincomyosin, and Tylosine
In humans, how does Erysipelas present?
inflammation of skin, SQ lesions
What is the term Erysipelas is given when it infects humans? (laymen’s term)
Fish Handlers Disease
What infection does Listeria cause?
Listeriosis
Is Listeria a contagious diseas?
No, non contagious food born infection
What species is Listeria primarily seen in?
cattle and sheep
Which Listeria spp. presents as gram positive rods, nonspore forming, food born pathogen, tumbling motility, and growth at 3-45 C?
L. monocytogenes
Where can Listeria be found?
Isolated from soil, feces, plants, decaying vegetation and silage (pH 5.5).
Which species of Listeria can be excreted in bovine milk?
L. monocytogenes
What infection is common to have pathogenesis involving trigeminal nerve causing circling disease, abortions and stillbirth, and meningitis?
Listeria
What are the four forms of Listeriosis seen in Ruminants?
•CNS infection •Abortion •Septicemia •Mastitis
What form of Listeria in ruminants is seen as Meningoencephalitis (adult) and meningitis (pre ruminant calves) being common in winter/early spring?
CNS form
The CNS of listeria can have what clinical signs?
Depression, drooping ears, animal holds the head to one side, protrusion of the tongue, salivation, paralysis of the face. Circling disease!*death in 2-3 days
What is the pathogenesis of Listeriosis in CNS form?
bacteria travel through nerves but its poorly understood. Begins with trigeminal branch in oral cavity
Why would it be difficult to diagnose CNS form?
no gross lesions, may be meningitis. Has perivascular cuffing
The following describe which form of listeria in ruminants? Visceral listeriosis. More common in the young. More common in monogastrics (any age) Clinical signs: Depression, dyspnea, salivation, nasal discharge, and lacrimation.
septicemic form
Focal necrosis of liver, spleen, and lymph nodes; Enteritis and Myocardial necrosis would indicate what type of infection?
Listeria: septicemic form
How does Listeriosis present in horses and chickens? What about pigs, dogs and cats?
Horses: Septicemic form. Chickens: Encephalitis. rare in other species
Since listeria is a zoonotic pathogen, how do humans get infected?
food born pathogen via milk and milk products, cold meat cuts.
Listeriosis is a concern for what type of individuals?
Pregnant women: abortion immune compromised adults: meningitis
How is listeriosis treated?
-Cattle and sheep are not treated. -Live attenuated vaccine
How do we control listeriosis?
Not feeding spoiled silage! Isolation of sick animals. Quick disposal of dead animals. Disposal of contaminated beddings.
What species is Listeria Ivanovii commonly seen in?
sheep
What are the general characteristics of Listeriosis in ruminants?
Sporadic, serious disease in dairy and beef cattle. Poor quality silage. Four forms: CNS, Abortion, Septicemic, Mastitis. Antibiotic treatment is not advisable. No vaccine in the US. Control: Elimination of the source; antibiotics in feed.
Arthritis or diamond skin conditions in pigs are LIKELY to be caused by…? A. Arcanobacterium pyogenes B. Staphylococcus hyicus C. Streptococcus suis D. Streptococcus agalactiae E. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
E. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Concerning Listeriosis in ruminants, which statement is accurate? A. Meningitis and abortion does not occur. B. Bad silage is a common cause. C. Disease cannot occur in both sheep and cattle. D. Listeriosis is a highly contagious disease. E. Presently, there are effective vaccines
B. Bad silage is a common cause.
