Standard 2 - Terms & Definitions for Brainscape Flashcards
Southern term for their argument that slavery was good for their slaves because they were clothed, fed, and disciplined
“Positive Good”
Religious revival that stressed reforming society - led to rise of the abolitionist movement
2nd Great Awakening
Polk wanted to claim the Oregon Territory up to this like of latitude, but wasn’t able to get it
54 40
Parallel that currently makes up the northern boundary of the US
49
People who wanted to abolish (get rid of) slavery
Abolitionists
Henry Clay’s compromise - the West would support the tariff and the North would send $$ to the west for internal improvements - this upset the south
American System
1st President from the West - “Age of the Common Man” - Democrat - Trail of Tears
Andrew Jackson
Term that means adding land to the US
Annexation
Period before the Civil War
Antebellum
Native American tribe displaced from GA to OK despite trying to assimilate into American culture - Trail of Tears
Cherokee
Segregation “by fact” - It isn’t enforced by law, it just exists. (example - White & black people live in different parts of town)
De facto segregation
Not allowed to vote
Disenfranchised
Section of the Constitution stating that Congress may do anything “necessary and proper” - used by loose constructionists to prove they can do things not in the Constitution
Elastic Clause
Prohibited from entering an abolitionist conference because she was a woman so she started the Seneca Falls Convention
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Term meaning freedom from slavery
Emancipation
Former slave - became a leading abolitionist
Frederick Douglass
Wanted the right to own property, divorce, and get an education
Goals of Women’s Movement
Abolitionists from SC who grew up on a plantation who also supported women’s rights
Grimke Sisters
Abolitionist who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin - Many northerners learned of the evils of slavery from this book
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Led hundreds of slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad
Harriet Tubman
Politician who designed the compromise known as the “American System” to provide a tariff for the north and internal improvements for the west
Henry Clay
President who completed America’s “Manifest Destiny”
James K. Polk
Belief that the Constitution can be stretched to allow things that it doesn’t specifically state - Jefferson DID NOT believe in this, but he used a this type of Constitutional
interpretation to buy the Louisiana Purchase
Loose Interpretation
Explorers who claimed the Oregon Territory for the US
Louis & Clark
Land purchased by Jefferson from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the US - land was sold to settlers at VERY low prices, allowing many to vote for the first time
Louisiana Territory
Prohibited from entering an abolitionist conference because she was a woman so she started the Seneca Falls Convention
Lucretia Mott
Belief that God wanted America to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Manifest Destiny
Term given to California, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada when they were added after the Mexican War
Mexican Cession (land added to US)
War that began when Polk stationed troops at the Rio Grande river knowing that Mexico claimed that land - Polk wanted a war so that we could complete our “Manifest Destiny”
Mexican War
President James Monroe’s statement that Europe should not colonize the Western Hemisphere any further - could only be enforced with the help of Britain’s navy
Monroe Doctrine
Slave who led a violent uprising
Nat Turner
Territory organized under the Articles of Confederation - prohibited slavery in those states
Northwest Ordinance
Mexico claimed that this river was the southern border of Texas
Nueces River
Belief of SC (and other southern states) that they could treat laws passed by the central government as if they didn’t exist - Used to nullify the “Tariff of Abominations”
Nullification
Claimed by Lewis & Clark - Shared by Britain & the US until an agreement set the northern boundary of the US at the 49th parallel
Oregon Territory
Believed ALL had an “Inner Light” so they were among the first Abolitionists
Quakers
The US claimed that this was the southern boundary of Texas - James K. Polk sent troops there, which started the Mexican War
Rio Grande River
Native American tribe that fought to maintain control of their land during the period of displacement - they lost their land anyway
Seminoles
Women’s Rights Convention organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton after being denied access to an antislavery convention because they were women
Seneca Falls Convention
Belief that states have the right to ignore laws passed by the central government (Nullification / Tariff of Abominations)
States’ Rights
Name for high tariff almost passed in the 1820s. SC threatens to either nullify the law or secede over the tariff, causing Andrew Jackson to threaten sending in the the army. SC backs down, but still believes it can nullify laws.
Tariff of Abominations
Americans move into Mexico, then Mexico outlaws slavery so the Americans fight to rule themselves. This led to the?
Texan Revolution
Normally believes in strict interpretation of the Constitution, but interprets it loosely to add the Louisiana Purchase to the US
Thomas Jefferson
When the Cherokee Indians were forcibly moved by Andrew Jackson from GA to OK. 1/3 of them die on the way.
Trail of Tears
Treaty ending the Mexican War. Forced Mexico to give us land including California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and Utah for $15 million.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Abolitionist newpaper publisher.
William Lloyd Garrison
Laws passed in the early 1800’s stating that people who spoke out against the government could be imprisoned and foreigners could be deported. KY & VA passed resolutions refusing to obey these laws.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Secretary of the Treasury in Washington’s cabinet. Frequently argued with Jefferson over their interpretation of the US Constitution. His followers called themselves “Federalists”
Hamilton
Secretary of State in Washington’s cabinet. Frequently argued with Alexander Hamilton over their interpretation of the US Constitution. His followers called themselves “Democratic-Republicans”
Jefferson
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court remembered for greatly strengthening the power of the court in cases like “Marbury v. Madison” and “Gibbons v. Ogden”
John Marshall
Power of the Supreme Court to determine if laws passed by Congress are Constitutional. (Marbury v. Madison)
Judicial Review
Court case remembered for instituting “Judicial Review”
Marbury v. Madison
Hamilton & Jefferson argued over whether the US government had the power to create this to manage the $$ of the United States
National Bank
People who interpret the Constitution literally and believe the government can do no more than what it specifically states
Strict Constructionists
Statements issued by two states declaring that they would not obey the Alien & Sedition laws
VA & KY Resolutions
One of the two original political parties - This one followed the strict Constitutional interpretation practices of Thomas Jefferson.
Democratic Republicans
People who stretch their interpretation of the Constitution so that they can do whatever is “necessary and proper”
Loose Constructionists
