Standard 1 - Terms and definitions for Brainscape

Question 1

Agreement during the Constitutional Convention that slaves would be counted as 3/5 of a person when determining the # of representatives per state

Answer 1

3/5 Compromise

Question 2

This was the first document outlining the relationship of the states. It allowed Congress to encourage states to do things, but didn’t give them the power to tax or force the states into anything.

Answer 2

Articles of Confederation

Question 3

The first 10 Amendments to the US - They were added because the Anti-Federalists refused to ratify the Constitution unless basic rights were guaranteed

Answer 3

Bill of Rights

Question 4

Event when British soldiers fired on a crowd of demonstraters and killed 5 of them. This led to the American Revolution

Answer 4

Boston Massacre

Question 5

Early examples of these include rice, indigo, and tobacco, but NOT cotton. (At least, until the cotton gin was invented)

Answer 5

Cash Crops

Question 6

The idea that each branch of government should keep an eye on the others to make sure they don’t take too much power for themselves.

Answer 6

Checks and Balances

Question 7

Document written by the colonies to explain to the world why they were separating from England.

Answer 7

Declaration of Independence

Question 8

This is the type of government we have: We vote on some issues, but allow people to represent us on more complex issues.

Answer 8

Democratic Republic

Question 9

Government arrangement where states and a central government have some separate powers and some that overlap

Answer 9

Federalism

Question 10

Documents written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to encourage the ratification of the Constitution

Answer 10

Federalist Papers

Question 11

People who believed that the strong central government described in the Constitution would be in the best interest of the American people

Answer 11

Federalists

Question 12

People who believed that the Constitution should not be ratified because they thought it gave the central government too much power over people’s lives

Answer 12

Antifederalists

Question 13

War between Britain & France. To defend the colonies, the British sent many soldiers. To pay for this war, England taxed the colonies.

Answer 13

French & Indian War

Question 14

Agreement at the Constitutional Convention that the US would have a bicameral system. The makeup of one house would be based on the population of the states. The other house would be made up of an equal number from each state.

Answer 14

Great Compromise

Question 15

First representative body in the American colonies. (In Virginia)

Answer 15

House of Burgesses

Question 16

Wrote “The Social Contract” and believe that the basic rights of all men are “life, liberty, and property”

Answer 16

John Locke

Question 17

First battle of the American Revolution

Answer 17

Lexington & Concord

Question 18

The idea that government can do only what the Constitution allows it to do.

Answer 18

Limited Government

Question 19

English document that severely limited the power of the king

Answer 19

Magna Carta

Question 20

Agreement signed by the Pilgrims stating that they would submit to the laws of their government

Answer 20

Mayflower Compact

Question 21

Land organized under the Articles of Confederation creating the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

Answer 21

Northwest Ordinance

Question 22

Religious group who colonized the New England area because they wanted to practice their religion freely. (They did NOT, however, offer freedom of religion to those who disagreed with them)

Answer 22

Puritans

Question 23

Religious group that believed all have an “inner light”. Found in the Mid-Atlantic states - especially Pennsylvania. Were among the first abolitionists.

Answer 23

Quakers

Question 24

Member of the Massachusetts colony who was exiled for teaching the separation of church & state - went on to found Rhode Island

Answer 24

Roger Williams

Question 25

Idea that all - even those in government - must obey the laws of the land

Answer 25

Rule of Law

Question 26

Term meaning that because England respected the colonies, they left them on their own to run their own affairs.

Answer 26

Salutary neglect

Question 27

Turning point of the Revolutionary War. After this battle, the French helped us because they believed we might actually be able to win.

Answer 27

Saratoga

Question 28

The belief that each branch of government should be given different powers so that no one branch has too much.

Answer 28

Separation of Powers

Question 29

Event when a number of former soldiers, upset that they had not received their military pensions, shut down the local government. This demonstrated the weakness of the Articles of Confederation.

Answer 29

Shay’s Rebellion

Question 30

Agreement at the Constitutional Convention that they would not discuss the slave trade or do anything about it for at least 20 years.

Answer 30

Slave Trade Compromise

Question 31

John Locke believed that society held together because of this agreement where the government promised to protect its people and people promised to obey the government.

Answer 31

Social Contract

Question 32

1st Direct tax placed on the colonists during the colonial period. This angered them and led to a boycott

Answer 32

Stamp Act

Question 33

The group of people formally responsible for electing the President of the United States

Answer 33

The Electoral College

Question 34

Treaty that formally ended the Revolutionary War

Answer 34

Treaty of Paris

Question 35

Plan discussed at the Constitutional Convention that would have given states a varying number of representatives based on each state’s population.

Answer 35

VA Plan

Question 36

Event when farmers in the north revolted against the government because of a tax increase on whiskey

Answer 36

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 37

Quaker who founded Pennsylvania

Answer 37

William Penn

Question 38

Final battle of the Revolutionary War

Answer 38

Yorktown

Question 39

Plan discussed at the Constitutional Convention that would have given all states an equal number of representatives. This was offered as a direct alternative to the VA plan.

Answer 39

NJ Plan

Question 40

Benjamin Franklin’s proposal in 1754 suggesting that the colonies unite for common purposes. The British rejected this without even presenting it to the king.

Answer 40

Albany Plan of Union

Question 41

Religious revival in the colonies that emphasized man’s need to repent from sin. This event united people from all backgrounds from all the colonies for the first time.

Answer 41

First Great Awakening

Question 42

System in which African slaves, colonial raw materials, and European finished products were transported and traded across the Atlantic.

Answer 42

Triangular Trade

Question 43

Economic system in which colonies were established to provide both raw materials for a mother country and a market for finished products from the mother country.

Answer 43

Mercantilism