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need to knows > Stamina training 1 > Flashcards

Stamina training 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how does PTH affect [Ca2+] levels

A
  1. ) activates vitD which increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+
  2. ) decreases reabsorption of phosphate at PT, causes increased Ca2+ reabsorption
  3. )increases movement of Ca2+ from bone to blood
  4. ) increases Ca2+ reabsorption from distal tubule
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2
Q

Liddle Syndrome

A

constituitively active ENAC

t(x)- amiloride = K sparing diuretic that targets ENAC

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3
Q

most common cause of respiratory infection in CF?

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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4
Q

CF patients with Pseudomonas, usually have a strain that produces what??

A

Alginate- decreases ciliary activity

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5
Q

nonhealing anal fissures and fistulas

A

Crohn’s

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6
Q

dermatomyositis affects what portion of the esophagus?

A

upper 1/3rd bc has striated muscle

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7
Q

infection form of Chlamydia?

A

ELEMENTARY bodies

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8
Q

what type of bacteria usually causes sepsis

A

gram negative, endotoxin

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9
Q

recurrent branch of median N

A

only MOTOR activity to thenar muscles (does not relay sensory information)

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10
Q

how to calculate fractional excretion of water?

A

water excretion= urine flow rate/ GFR

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11
Q

sickle cell affects what

A

position 6 valine for glutamine on beta globin

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12
Q

in a bell curve 95% certainty is how many SD?

A

+/- 2 standard deviations from mean

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13
Q

in a bell curve 99.7% certainty is how many SD

A

+/- 3 SD

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14
Q

in a bell curve 68% certainty is how many SD

A

+/- 1 SD

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15
Q

alopecia areata

A

chronic autoimmune condition or severe stress
“exclamation pt hairs”
antithyroglobulin or antimicrosomal antibodies

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16
Q

which anesthetics cause reactions

A

esters- one “i”

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17
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma

A

endothelial origin, malignant and common in AIDS, Herpesvirus 8 is related to formation

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18
Q

NK cell marker

A

CD16 and CD56

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19
Q

Gardnerella Vaginalis

A

KOH whiff test, Clue Cells, BV, thin gray discharge

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20
Q

GI symptoms in pancreatitis is attributed to dysfunction of which cell type

A

acinar

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21
Q

maintence dose=

A

clearance*concentration stead state/ (F)

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22
Q

prinzmetal angina

A

chest pain at rest

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23
Q

cholangiocarcinoma and colangitis can be caused by what?

A

clonorchis sinesis

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24
Q

preecclampsia seizure treatment

A

magnesium sulfate

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25
Q

smell of bitter almonds

A

cyanide poisoning, affects cytochrome C (complex 4)

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26
Q

endometriosis medical treatment

A

GnRH agonist

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27
Q

what hormone is involved in gestational hypercortisolism

A

HCG binding ectopic LH receptors

28
Q

GIST expresses what

A

c-kit and CD34

29
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum is related to what antomical structure

A

persistence of vitelline duct

30
Q

Leuprolide

A

GnRH agonist. medical castration. initial “flare” of testosterone, followed by castration

31
Q

Psuedomonas Aeruginosa is found where?

A

soil and water (don’t bring a burn victim flowers)

32
Q

symptoms of hyaditiform mole in mother

A

1st trimester pre-ecclampsia= raised BP with proteinuria and edema
other symptoms include nausea and vomitting
hyperhyroidism, bc BHCG can bind to thyroid receptors
extremely high BHCG-over 100,000

33
Q

Gallstones: what are the bilirubin levels?

A

Direct is HIGHLY elevated, while indirect is normal/mildly elevated

34
Q

where does the thymus come from

A

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch

35
Q

what deficiency comes from eating too many eggs

A

BIOTIN deficiency. due to avidin from the egg binding and preventing its absorption in the GI tract

36
Q

biotin deficiency impairs?

A

carboxylation reactions.

like pyruvate to OAA

37
Q

in hypospadius what is the problem?

A

urethral fold fail to fuse.

normal in female- allow for labia majora

38
Q

coronary sinus is close to what other artery

A

circumflex

39
Q

acute pancreatitis can CAUSE which electrolyte abormality

A

hypocalcemia

calcium soaps formed when peripancreatic fat saponified, can be used as a marker of pancreatic necrosis

40
Q

if a person is upright and aspirates, where will the aspirate be found?

A

Right Lower Lobe

why? bc right bronchus is shorter and wider and more vertical

41
Q

Acute Intermittent Porphyria
defect?
buildup?
symptoms?

A

defect: Porphobilinogen Deaminase, aka Uroporphrinogen I Synthase
buildup: D-ALA and porphobilinogen
s(x)- neuropsych, abdominal pain, NO photosensitive pain

42
Q

Digoxin + what drug can cause digoxin toxicity?

A

Quinidine

it decreases Digoxin clearance

43
Q

Fractional Excretion of substance X=

A

Excretion rate/ Filtered Load

44
Q

Filtered Load of X=

A

GFR* Plasma Concentration [X]

45
Q

Excretion rate of X=

A

Urine Concentration of [X] * Urine Flow

46
Q

Wilm’s Tumor

A

pediatric renal tumor

47
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

deficiency in NADPH oxidase so cant make intracellular oxygen radicals
sensitive to infection by CATALASE positive bacteria
negative NBT test

48
Q

Cryptosporidium Parvum

A

cause of watery diarrhea in AIDS patients
acid fast oocysts can be found in stool of patient
intracellular organism, spread by contaminated water that even chlorine can’t clean

49
Q

Mallory Weiss Laceration

A

longitudinal tear in esophagus caused by extended vomitting ex: alcoholics or bulemics/anorexics
blood in vomit

50
Q

Carbuncles/Furuncles vs Hidradenitis Suppurtiva

A

carbuncles/furuncles usually found on face, neck, chest, they don’t persist for years
Hidradenitis Suppurtiva- usually found in axilla and near other apocrine sweat glands, and can recur for decades

51
Q

what participates in natural detox after a drug overdose

A

SER of liver

52
Q

when is AA vs AL found in amyloidoses?

A

AL is usually found in primary amyloid diseases like MM while AA is found in chronic inflammatory conditions like RA

53
Q

taking outdated Tetracyclines causes?

A

Fanconi Syndrome- problem in the proximal tubule

54
Q

glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency is what disease

A

Von Gierke’s Type 1

causes fasting hypoglycemia because unable to convert to glucose

55
Q

what causes increased excretion of bile acids

A

cholestyramine

56
Q

keratoacanthoma vs SCC

A

keratoacaonthoma grows rapidly and is defined by a central crater

57
Q

list the values of half-lifes in relation to steady state

A

1 half life= 50% SS
2 half life= 75% SS
3 half life= 87.5% SS
4 half life= 93.75% SS

58
Q

aldolase B def causes

A

fructose intolerance

59
Q

what is associated with menieres disease

A

low frequency hearing loss

60
Q

hypothyroid myxedema

A
  • causes yellow skin (bc increased carotene levels), hypercholestrolemia, hyponatermia, hypoglycemia, bradycardia, and hypoventilation
61
Q

MAP=

A

CO*TPR

62
Q

what does free air on upright abdominal film mean

A

perforation

63
Q

decreased PR and slurred QRS is?

A

WPW

64
Q

what allows pseudomonas to form colonies in the lung without being phagocytosed?

A

glycocalyx

65
Q

bronze diabetes

A

hemochromatosis

need to knows (31 decks)

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