Stamina training 1 Flashcards
how does PTH affect [Ca2+] levels
- ) activates vitD which increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+
- ) decreases reabsorption of phosphate at PT, causes increased Ca2+ reabsorption
- )increases movement of Ca2+ from bone to blood
- ) increases Ca2+ reabsorption from distal tubule
Liddle Syndrome
constituitively active ENAC
t(x)- amiloride = K sparing diuretic that targets ENAC
most common cause of respiratory infection in CF?
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
CF patients with Pseudomonas, usually have a strain that produces what??
Alginate- decreases ciliary activity
nonhealing anal fissures and fistulas
Crohn’s
dermatomyositis affects what portion of the esophagus?
upper 1/3rd bc has striated muscle
infection form of Chlamydia?
ELEMENTARY bodies
what type of bacteria usually causes sepsis
gram negative, endotoxin
recurrent branch of median N
only MOTOR activity to thenar muscles (does not relay sensory information)
how to calculate fractional excretion of water?
water excretion= urine flow rate/ GFR
sickle cell affects what
position 6 valine for glutamine on beta globin
in a bell curve 95% certainty is how many SD?
+/- 2 standard deviations from mean
in a bell curve 99.7% certainty is how many SD
+/- 3 SD
in a bell curve 68% certainty is how many SD
+/- 1 SD
alopecia areata
chronic autoimmune condition or severe stress
“exclamation pt hairs”
antithyroglobulin or antimicrosomal antibodies
which anesthetics cause reactions
esters- one “i”
Kaposi Sarcoma
endothelial origin, malignant and common in AIDS, Herpesvirus 8 is related to formation
NK cell marker
CD16 and CD56
Gardnerella Vaginalis
KOH whiff test, Clue Cells, BV, thin gray discharge
GI symptoms in pancreatitis is attributed to dysfunction of which cell type
acinar
maintence dose=
clearance*concentration stead state/ (F)
prinzmetal angina
chest pain at rest
cholangiocarcinoma and colangitis can be caused by what?
clonorchis sinesis
preecclampsia seizure treatment
magnesium sulfate
smell of bitter almonds
cyanide poisoning, affects cytochrome C (complex 4)
endometriosis medical treatment
GnRH agonist
what hormone is involved in gestational hypercortisolism
HCG binding ectopic LH receptors
GIST expresses what
c-kit and CD34
Meckel’s Diverticulum is related to what antomical structure
persistence of vitelline duct
Leuprolide
GnRH agonist. medical castration. initial “flare” of testosterone, followed by castration
Psuedomonas Aeruginosa is found where?
soil and water (don’t bring a burn victim flowers)
symptoms of hyaditiform mole in mother
1st trimester pre-ecclampsia= raised BP with proteinuria and edema
other symptoms include nausea and vomitting
hyperhyroidism, bc BHCG can bind to thyroid receptors
extremely high BHCG-over 100,000
Gallstones: what are the bilirubin levels?
Direct is HIGHLY elevated, while indirect is normal/mildly elevated
where does the thymus come from
3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch
what deficiency comes from eating too many eggs
BIOTIN deficiency. due to avidin from the egg binding and preventing its absorption in the GI tract
biotin deficiency impairs?
carboxylation reactions.
like pyruvate to OAA
in hypospadius what is the problem?
urethral fold fail to fuse.
normal in female- allow for labia majora
coronary sinus is close to what other artery
circumflex
acute pancreatitis can CAUSE which electrolyte abormality
hypocalcemia
calcium soaps formed when peripancreatic fat saponified, can be used as a marker of pancreatic necrosis
if a person is upright and aspirates, where will the aspirate be found?
Right Lower Lobe
why? bc right bronchus is shorter and wider and more vertical
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
defect?
buildup?
symptoms?
defect: Porphobilinogen Deaminase, aka Uroporphrinogen I Synthase
buildup: D-ALA and porphobilinogen
s(x)- neuropsych, abdominal pain, NO photosensitive pain
Digoxin + what drug can cause digoxin toxicity?
Quinidine
it decreases Digoxin clearance
Fractional Excretion of substance X=
Excretion rate/ Filtered Load
Filtered Load of X=
GFR* Plasma Concentration [X]
Excretion rate of X=
Urine Concentration of [X] * Urine Flow
Wilm’s Tumor
pediatric renal tumor
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
deficiency in NADPH oxidase so cant make intracellular oxygen radicals
sensitive to infection by CATALASE positive bacteria
negative NBT test
Cryptosporidium Parvum
cause of watery diarrhea in AIDS patients
acid fast oocysts can be found in stool of patient
intracellular organism, spread by contaminated water that even chlorine can’t clean
Mallory Weiss Laceration
longitudinal tear in esophagus caused by extended vomitting ex: alcoholics or bulemics/anorexics
blood in vomit
Carbuncles/Furuncles vs Hidradenitis Suppurtiva
carbuncles/furuncles usually found on face, neck, chest, they don’t persist for years
Hidradenitis Suppurtiva- usually found in axilla and near other apocrine sweat glands, and can recur for decades
what participates in natural detox after a drug overdose
SER of liver
when is AA vs AL found in amyloidoses?
AL is usually found in primary amyloid diseases like MM while AA is found in chronic inflammatory conditions like RA
taking outdated Tetracyclines causes?
Fanconi Syndrome- problem in the proximal tubule
glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency is what disease
Von Gierke’s Type 1
causes fasting hypoglycemia because unable to convert to glucose
what causes increased excretion of bile acids
cholestyramine
keratoacanthoma vs SCC
keratoacaonthoma grows rapidly and is defined by a central crater
list the values of half-lifes in relation to steady state
1 half life= 50% SS
2 half life= 75% SS
3 half life= 87.5% SS
4 half life= 93.75% SS
aldolase B def causes
fructose intolerance
what is associated with menieres disease
low frequency hearing loss
hypothyroid myxedema
- causes yellow skin (bc increased carotene levels), hypercholestrolemia, hyponatermia, hypoglycemia, bradycardia, and hypoventilation
MAP=
CO*TPR
what does free air on upright abdominal film mean
perforation
decreased PR and slurred QRS is?
WPW
what allows pseudomonas to form colonies in the lung without being phagocytosed?
glycocalyx
bronze diabetes
hemochromatosis
