Stamina training 1

Question 1

how does PTH affect [Ca2+] levels

Answer 1

1. ) activates vitD which increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+
2. ) decreases reabsorption of phosphate at PT, causes increased Ca2+ reabsorption
3. )increases movement of Ca2+ from bone to blood
4. ) increases Ca2+ reabsorption from distal tubule

Question 2

Liddle Syndrome

Answer 2

constituitively active ENAC

t(x)- amiloride = K sparing diuretic that targets ENAC

Question 3

most common cause of respiratory infection in CF?

Answer 3

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Question 4

CF patients with Pseudomonas, usually have a strain that produces what??

Answer 4

Alginate- decreases ciliary activity

Question 5

nonhealing anal fissures and fistulas

Answer 5

Crohn’s

Question 6

dermatomyositis affects what portion of the esophagus?

Answer 6

upper 1/3rd bc has striated muscle

Question 7

infection form of Chlamydia?

Answer 7

ELEMENTARY bodies

Question 8

what type of bacteria usually causes sepsis

Answer 8

gram negative, endotoxin

Question 9

recurrent branch of median N

Answer 9

only MOTOR activity to thenar muscles (does not relay sensory information)

Question 10

how to calculate fractional excretion of water?

Answer 10

water excretion= urine flow rate/ GFR

Question 11

sickle cell affects what

Answer 11

position 6 valine for glutamine on beta globin

Question 12

in a bell curve 95% certainty is how many SD?

Answer 12

+/- 2 standard deviations from mean

Question 13

in a bell curve 99.7% certainty is how many SD

Answer 13

+/- 3 SD

Question 14

in a bell curve 68% certainty is how many SD

Answer 14

+/- 1 SD

Question 15

alopecia areata

Answer 15

chronic autoimmune condition or severe stress
“exclamation pt hairs”
antithyroglobulin or antimicrosomal antibodies

Question 16

which anesthetics cause reactions

Answer 16

esters- one “i”

Question 17

Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 17

endothelial origin, malignant and common in AIDS, Herpesvirus 8 is related to formation

Question 18

NK cell marker

Answer 18

CD16 and CD56

Question 19

Gardnerella Vaginalis

Answer 19

KOH whiff test, Clue Cells, BV, thin gray discharge

Question 20

GI symptoms in pancreatitis is attributed to dysfunction of which cell type

Answer 20

acinar

Question 21

maintence dose=

Answer 21

clearance*concentration stead state/ (F)

Question 22

prinzmetal angina

Answer 22

chest pain at rest

Question 23

cholangiocarcinoma and colangitis can be caused by what?

Answer 23

clonorchis sinesis

Question 24

preecclampsia seizure treatment

Answer 24

magnesium sulfate

Question 25

smell of bitter almonds

Answer 25

cyanide poisoning, affects cytochrome C (complex 4)

Question 26

endometriosis medical treatment

Answer 26

GnRH agonist

Question 27

what hormone is involved in gestational hypercortisolism

Answer 27

HCG binding ectopic LH receptors

Question 28

GIST expresses what

Answer 28

c-kit and CD34

Question 29

Meckel's Diverticulum is related to what antomical structure

Answer 29

persistence of vitelline duct

Question 30

Leuprolide

Answer 30

GnRH agonist. medical castration. initial "flare" of testosterone, followed by castration

Question 31

Psuedomonas Aeruginosa is found where?

Answer 31

soil and water (don't bring a burn victim flowers)

Question 32

symptoms of hyaditiform mole in mother

Answer 32

1st trimester pre-ecclampsia= raised BP with proteinuria and edema other symptoms include nausea and vomitting hyperhyroidism, bc BHCG can bind to thyroid receptors extremely high BHCG-over 100,000

Question 33

Gallstones: what are the bilirubin levels?

Answer 33

Direct is HIGHLY elevated, while indirect is normal/mildly elevated

Question 34

where does the thymus come from

Answer 34

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch

Question 35

what deficiency comes from eating too many eggs

Answer 35

BIOTIN deficiency. due to avidin from the egg binding and preventing its absorption in the GI tract

Question 36

biotin deficiency impairs?

Answer 36

carboxylation reactions. | like pyruvate to OAA

Question 37

in hypospadius what is the problem?

Answer 37

urethral fold fail to fuse. | normal in female- allow for labia majora

Question 38

coronary sinus is close to what other artery

Answer 38

circumflex

Question 39

acute pancreatitis can CAUSE which electrolyte abormality

Answer 39

hypocalcemia | calcium soaps formed when peripancreatic fat saponified, can be used as a marker of pancreatic necrosis

Question 40

if a person is upright and aspirates, where will the aspirate be found?

Answer 40

Right Lower Lobe | why? bc right bronchus is shorter and wider and more vertical

Question 41

Acute Intermittent Porphyria defect? buildup? symptoms?

Answer 41

defect: Porphobilinogen Deaminase, aka Uroporphrinogen I Synthase buildup: D-ALA and porphobilinogen s(x)- neuropsych, abdominal pain, NO photosensitive pain

Question 42

Digoxin + what drug can cause digoxin toxicity?

Answer 42

Quinidine | it decreases Digoxin clearance

Question 43

Fractional Excretion of substance X=

Answer 43

Excretion rate/ Filtered Load

Question 44

Filtered Load of X=

Answer 44

GFR* Plasma Concentration [X]

Question 45

Excretion rate of X=

Answer 45

Urine Concentration of [X] * Urine Flow

Question 46

Wilm's Tumor

Answer 46

pediatric renal tumor

Question 47

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Answer 47

deficiency in NADPH oxidase so cant make intracellular oxygen radicals sensitive to infection by CATALASE positive bacteria negative NBT test

Question 48

Cryptosporidium Parvum

Answer 48

cause of watery diarrhea in AIDS patients acid fast oocysts can be found in stool of patient intracellular organism, spread by contaminated water that even chlorine can't clean

Question 49

Mallory Weiss Laceration

Answer 49

longitudinal tear in esophagus caused by extended vomitting ex: alcoholics or bulemics/anorexics blood in vomit

Question 50

Carbuncles/Furuncles vs Hidradenitis Suppurtiva

Answer 50

carbuncles/furuncles usually found on face, neck, chest, they don't persist for years Hidradenitis Suppurtiva- usually found in axilla and near other apocrine sweat glands, and can recur for decades

Question 51

what participates in natural detox after a drug overdose

Answer 51

SER of liver

Question 52

when is AA vs AL found in amyloidoses?

Answer 52

AL is usually found in primary amyloid diseases like MM while AA is found in chronic inflammatory conditions like RA

Question 53

taking outdated Tetracyclines causes?

Answer 53

Fanconi Syndrome- problem in the proximal tubule

Question 54

glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency is what disease

Answer 54

Von Gierke's Type 1 | causes fasting hypoglycemia because unable to convert to glucose

Question 55

what causes increased excretion of bile acids

Answer 55

cholestyramine

Question 56

keratoacanthoma vs SCC

Answer 56

keratoacaonthoma grows rapidly and is defined by a central crater

Question 57

list the values of half-lifes in relation to steady state

Answer 57

1 half life= 50% SS 2 half life= 75% SS 3 half life= 87.5% SS 4 half life= 93.75% SS

Question 58

aldolase B def causes

Answer 58

fructose intolerance

Question 59

what is associated with menieres disease

Answer 59

low frequency hearing loss

Question 60

hypothyroid myxedema

Answer 60

- causes yellow skin (bc increased carotene levels), hypercholestrolemia, hyponatermia, hypoglycemia, bradycardia, and hypoventilation

Question 61

MAP=

Answer 61

CO*TPR

Question 62

what does free air on upright abdominal film mean

Answer 62

perforation

Question 63

decreased PR and slurred QRS is?

Answer 63

WPW

Question 64

what allows pseudomonas to form colonies in the lung without being phagocytosed?

Answer 64

glycocalyx

Question 65

bronze diabetes

Answer 65

hemochromatosis