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Reproduction (U.W) Flashcards

1
Q

difficulty making bowel movements but “splinting” vaginal canal helps. notable pelvic pressure.
what the differential

A

posterior subserosal leiomyomas (fibroids) - accompanied by uterine enlargement! (also irregular/heavy periods if submucosal)

posterior vaginal wall prolapse- usually older and obese women. should not be uterine enlargement

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2
Q

Mullerian anomalies (like Mullerian agenesis, or improper fusion) is often comorbid with?

A

unilateral renal agenesis

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3
Q

whats the path of testicular descent

A

abdomen– deep inguinal ring (TF) through the inguinal canal– out the superficial inguinal ring (EAO)

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4
Q

gonadal arteries branch off of?

A

abdominal aorta- right below renal As

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5
Q

how to facilitate pregnancy in Turner’s patient?

A

ovarian failure, so need to do IVF w/ donor egg. Supplying estrogen/progesterone hormones should be sufficiency to maintain pregnancy

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6
Q

How to detect Down’s Syndrome in pregnancy

A
  • decreased AFP, decreased unconjugated estriol
    -increased bHCG, increased inhibin A
    do karyotype of amniocentesis
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7
Q

Turner’s cause?

A

meiotic nondisjunction

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8
Q

indirect vs direct inguinal hernia

A

indirect– hernia through patent processus vaginalis into testis
direct- through Hasslebach’s triage, into abdomen.. MEDIAL to inf epigastric vessels

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9
Q

complete mole

A
  • empty egg w/ 1 sperm (replicates to 2) or 2 sperm.. 46XX (or 46 xy if 2 sperm)
    no fetal tissue
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10
Q

uterine a’s off of

A

internal iliac

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11
Q

describe whats seen on a male’s CT

A

ant –> post

bladder– prostate— anal canal

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12
Q

landmarks for a pudendal n block

A

ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament

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13
Q

how is cancer spread to vertebrae in a man

A

prostate cancer goes through prostatic VENOUS plexus to vertebrae (note its not lymphatic)

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14
Q

midline episiotomy

A

posterior vaginal opening to perineal body

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15
Q

adenomyosis

A

heavy, painful menstruation with uniformly enlarged uterus

cause: endometrium invades myometrium

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16
Q

maternal rubella infection causes

A

fetal deafness, cataracts, and heart probs like PDA,

maternal polyarthralgias

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17
Q

how do COC’s work?

A

they suppress GnRH in hypothalamus, which supresses FSH and LH, therefore ovulation suppressed

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18
Q

thin yellow green frothy discharge?
thick white cottage cheese discharge?
thin gray discharge?

A
  • trichomonas
  • candida
  • gardernerella
19
Q

what inhibits lactaction in pregnancy?

A

progesterone

20
Q

Clomiphene

A

selective estrogen receptor modulator
decreases neg feedback inhibition on hypothalamus so that increase GnRH release and increase LH and FSH release– ovulation!

21
Q

Mifepristone

Misopristol

A

mifepristone- progestrone antag (causes uterine wall to shed)
Misopristol- Prostoglandin E1 analog – uterine contractions for expulsion

22
Q

what is the cause of menstrual cycle abnormalities during first several years into menarche

A

anovulatory cycles due to immature HPG axis
- no ovulation means no progesterone made, just estrogen keeps building up the endometrium in a disorganized way causing spotting, heavy bleeding, and irregularities

23
Q

describe Gardnerella Vaginalis

A

Gram variable, anaerobic rod

24
Q

what happens during an amniotic fluid embolization

A

hypoxia, hypotensive shock, DIC

histo: fetal squamous cells in pulm vasculature

25
Q

choriocarcinoma will show presence of ___ and ___ but no ___

A

synctiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts seen

but no villi

26
Q

PCOS increases risk of

A

endometrial hyperplasia/adenocarcinoma

27
Q

MMR are what type of vax?

A

Live attenuated

28
Q

Kartagener’s syndrome

A

situs invertus
bronchiectasis
chronic sinusitis
infertility

29
Q

tamoxifen vs raloxifen

A

endometrial hyperplasia/cancer in tamoxifen

30
Q

how do estrogen and progesterone affect gall stones?

A

estrogen- increase HMGCoA activity, which increases cholesterol
progesterone- decreases ball bladder motility

31
Q

how to calculate day of ovulation

A

cycle length- 14 days

32
Q

PCOS LH: FSH levels?

A

LH increased compared to FSH

33
Q

what transilluminates in the testis? why?

A

hydrocele

patent tunica vaginalis causes fluid to enter

34
Q

Meigs Syndrome includes

A

hydrothorax, ascites, and ovarian tumor (often a benign fibroma)

35
Q

HER2 signalling?

A

RTyrK– RAS– MAPKK

36
Q

kruckenberg tumors are mets frm

A

stomach

37
Q

which Beta receptor on uterus?

A

B2

38
Q

direct vs indirect inguinal hernia

A

direct: tears through TF (medially to Inf Epigastric A)
indirect: passes through deep inguinal ring (lateral to inf epigastric A)

39
Q

how to differentiate direct vs indirect inguinal hernia in a PE

A
  • palpate superficial inguinal ring, ask patient to cough, feel hernia
  • put pressure on deep inguinal ring, while feeling superficial inguinal ring. Ask patient to cough
    (1) if you feel hernia still- its a DIRECT (aka not passing through deep ring)
    (2) if hernia is reduced, its indirect. passing through the deep ring
40
Q

when doing pudendal n block feel for?

A

ischial spine

41
Q

what happens to cervical dysplasia after 2 yrs?

A

60% dont change
30% regress
10% become squamous cell carcinoma

42
Q

Penile insitu carcinomas:

(1) gray-white plaque
(2) multiple reddish-brown papules
(3) soft red plaque

A

(1) Bowen’s disease
(2) Bowenoid papulosis
(3) Erythroplasia of Queyrat

possible precursors of SCC in penis

43
Q

where can herpes simplex stay latent?

A

trigeminal ganglia

sacral ganglia

44
Q

parvo virus affect on fetus

A

aplastic anemia leading to nonimmune hydrops fetalis

need to knows (31 decks)

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