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need to knows > MSK/Derm (U.W.) > Flashcards

MSK/Derm (U.W.) Flashcards

1
Q

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency

A

s(x)- recurrent infections, especially S. aureus, without purulence
- might notice CD18 missing from leukocyte surfaces. causes no integrin formation, so leukocyte can’t migrate causing leukocytosis

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2
Q

what connects osteocytes?

A
  • gap junctions

- allows osteocytes to communicate with bone surface and regulate bony remodeling

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3
Q

eczema dermatitis treatment with corticosteroid causes what side effect

A

dermal atrophy due to decrease production of ECM and GAGs

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4
Q

what can augment azathioprine’s action?

A

ALLOPURINOL

azathioprine can be inactivated by Xanthine Oxidase. Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor Allopurinol can therefore increase Azathioprine being converted to ACTIVE metabolites, by blocking the inactivating pathway

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5
Q

Pirimformis Syndrome

A

Piriformis M goes through greater sciatic foramen, inferiorly in the greater sciatic foramen, the sciatic n also passes.
s(x)- pain on buttock and posterior thigh
pain upon external rotation of extended thigh and abduction of flexed thigh

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6
Q

mosaic pattern with prominent cement lines accompanied by bony pain is what disease?

A

Paget’s

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7
Q

thymus is derived from what? what other structure has the same derivative?

A

3rd pharyngeal pouch

inferior parathyroid glands

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8
Q

where do you give an intragluteal injection

A

anterolateral preferred, if not, then superolateral

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9
Q

injection in which quadrant affects the superior gluteal N

A

superomedial

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10
Q

injection in which quadrant affects the sciatic N

A

superomedial, inferomedial and lateral

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11
Q

blood supply to femoral head

A

medial circumflex A

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12
Q

Falling onto an outstretched arm, aka hyperextension injury often causes what?

A

supracondylar fracture

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13
Q

anterolateral displacement of supracondylar fracture injures?

A

radial N

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14
Q

anteromedial displacement of supracondylar fracture injures?

A

median N and brachial A

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15
Q

what type of HS response in MG

A

Type II- antibody mediated

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16
Q

Osgood Schattler Disease

A

Repeated quads contraction and growth spurt can cause patellar tendon to separate from TIBIAL TUBERCLE causing a secondary ossification center and focal pain there, with pain on extension

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17
Q

Nursemaid’s Elbow

A

Radial head subluxation (aka no longer interacting at elbow joint) bc of pulling force on arm causing annular ligament to be displaced/torn.
*hints- child< 5yo, holds arm tightly to body, refuses to flex elbow

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18
Q

most common cause of axillary N injury

A

anterior shoulder displacement

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19
Q

patellar fracture causes what movement problem

A

knee extension

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20
Q

what artery runs with the Radial N

A

Deep Brachial A

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21
Q

what artery runs with the Axillary N

A

PCHA

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22
Q

empty can test (abduct arm 90 degree, flex 30 deg, thumbs to the floor, resistance from above arm) tests integrity of what muscle

A

suprapinatus

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23
Q

Xeroderma Pigmentosa

A

Autorecessive mut in nucleotide excision repair, usually due to endonuclease defect

24
Q

Chediak Higashi

A

oculocutaneous albinism + immunodeficiency + neuro symptoms ( nystagmus/ CN defects)

  • defect in neutrophil phagosome lysosome function
  • findings: giant lysosomal inclusions
25
Q

what is the pathophysiology of scurvy

A

vit C deficiency
Vit C needed for post translation modification of collagen occuring at RER , specifically hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues that contribute to strength

26
Q

Alkaptonuria?

  • cause
  • symptoms
  • findings
A
  • autosomal recessive deficiency in homogentisic acid dioxygenase (step in tyrosine metabolism) causes a build up of homogentisic acid, which accumulates in connective tissue/bone
  • blue/black spots in sclera and auricular cartilage; arthritis in spine/joints, black urine
27
Q

what does ATP binding to myosin cause

A

detachment of myosin head from actin filament (note this is NOT the power stroke!!)

28
Q

appropriate way to start treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A
  • induction with glucocorticoid (prednisone) or NSAID

- also start DMARDs (MTX, sulfasalazine tnfa) but these take weeks to kick in

29
Q

t(x) for dermatophytosis ?

A

Terbinafine- blocks squalene epoxidasethereby inhibiting ergosterol synthesis

30
Q

ecthyma gagrenosum

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

31
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A

Ulnar impingement/lower plexus symptoms (pinky is tingly/numb) + pain/ parasthesia/edema due to subclavian A/V and brachial plexus impingement

**hint: often an extra RIB is mentioned
hint- often due to overhead injury like pitching

32
Q

leukocytoclastic vasculitis

A

non-blanching palpable purpura on lower extremities following drug interaction (penicllin, cephalosporins)
cause: cutaneous small vessel vasculitis

33
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa

A

segmental, transmural inflammation of artery wall
- often causes GI ischemia, and ischemia of other organs- excluding lungs
idiopathic, but STRONG RELATION TO HEP B

34
Q

antibodies against desmosomes

A

pemphigus vulgaris

35
Q

antibodies against hemidesmosomes

A

bullous pemphigoid

36
Q

graft v host disease

A

seen in tissue donations that has high concentration of lymphocytes (Liver, bone marrow).
Tcell of the graft attack host MHC antigens

37
Q

pellagra

A 
vit B3 (niacin) deficiency 
3D's: diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis 
- without NAD, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and alphaketoglutarate dehydrogenase will not function
38
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis is mediated by?

A

cytokines, specifically IL6

39
Q

grotton papule

A

dermatomyositis

40
Q

Ehlers Danlos

A

defect in Procollagen Peptidase.
Procollagen peptidase cleaves procollaged N and C terminals to make tropocollogen (in ECM)
if these N and C terminals are not cleaved, the procollagen remains SOLUBLE and is not able to crosslink

41
Q

what type of sweat gland is involved in acne vulgaris

A

sebaceous sweat glands, which are holocrine sweat glands

42
Q

osteogenica imperfecta

A

autosomal dominant mutation is type 1 collagen (found in osteoid)

43
Q

poison ivy pathophysiology

A

urushiol is the toxin, it conjugates with hapten (a peptide). once presented on MHCI and II cells it elicits hapten sensitive T cells to proliferate.
CD8+ T cells then kill all keratinocytes expressing hapten causing the blistering

44
Q

initial testing for GCA suspicion

A

ESR and CRP .. then temporal artery biopsy to confirm

45
Q

Dermatitis Herpetiform pathophys and association

A
  • self reactive IgA against gliadin crossreacts with epidermal gliadin
  • assn- Celiac’s
46
Q

action of latissimus dorsi

A

extension, adduction, and internal rotation of arm

47
Q

why is raloxifene better than tamoxifen for osteoporosis

A

tamoxifen can cause estrogen agonist effects on the uterus causing endometrial hyperplasia/cancer
where as raloxifene has estrogen antagonist activity on the uterus

48
Q

clinical use of calcipotriene, calcitriol, and tacalcitol ?

A

psoriasis
Vit D analogs inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and stimulate keratinocyte differentiation
remember vitamin D is a nuclear transcription factor

49
Q

McCune Albright Syndrome clinical symptoms

A

large cafe au lait spots, fibrous dysplasia (osteolytic bone lesions), and endocrine abnormalities(like puberty before 7) = Mccune albright

50
Q

McCune Albright pathogenesis

A

somatic mosaicism causing mutation in GNAS gene–> constitutively active alpha subunit of Gprotein/adenylate cyclase/CAMP

51
Q

acute rheumatic fever cause of death

A

pancarditis

52
Q

mode of diagnosing osteomyelitis

A

blood cultures

MRI of spine-most sensitive

53
Q

dystrophin role

A
  • linker protein that makes sarcolemma stable

- connects cytoskeleton (actin) to transmembrane proteins

54
Q

Muscular Dystrophy- duchenne and becker

A

Xlinked recessive myopathy due to frameshift deletion of dystrophin
-gower’s sign
- muscle filled with fat (psuedohypertrophy)
(note becker’s MD is similar but is not a frameshift deletion, just a frameshift truncation, so less severe)

55
Q

Stewart-Treves Syndrome

A

cutaneous angiosarcoma (a misnomer because it is a sarcoma of lymph).usually following a lymphnode dissection.

56
Q

where does osteomyelitis affect children?

A

-METAPHYSIS of long bone because slower moving blood and fenestration is ideal for infection

need to knows (31 decks)

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