Respiratory (UW) Flashcards
Nitroprusside overdose treatment?
= cyanide poisoning
so give nitrite+ sulfates+ hydroxocobalamin
the c-ANCAs and p-ANCAs have antibodies against who?
neutrophils!
“antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies”
salicylate poisoning timeline?
(1) <12 hr= respiratory alkalosis
(2) >12 hr= respiratory alkalosis w/ metabolic acidosis (gap)
so pH will look normalish, w/ decreased PCO2 (more decreased than expected w just metabolic acidosis) and decreased bicarb
who releases IFNy
TH1
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
after treatment of spirochete infection– rapid lysis causes infiltration of blood and an innate immune response
what does a chest tube pierce?
- serratus anterior
- intercostal muscles
- parietal pleura
where should thoracocentesis be performed (3 points)
whats the risk of doing it above?
whats the risk of doing it below?
T8- midclavicular T10- midaxillary T12- midscapular above- injure lung below- injure abdominal contents
ingesting rat poison. how do you reverse?
= warfarin overdose, bc rat poison has warfarin
- t(x)= FFP
people with silicosis have an increased risk of?
tuberculosis
b/c silicosis affects macrophage’s phagolysosome ability
waxy hyaline membranes of fibrin, necrotic epithelial cells, and edema fluid is consistent with what lung injury
ARDS
thick bronchial walls, neutrophil infiltrate, mucus? pathologic features of what?
chronic bronchitis
low DLCO is characteristic of
emphysema
PE shows what blood chemistry values
hypoxemia : low PaO2
respiratory alkalosis: low PaCO2, high pH
bronchiectasis infectious origin?
Aspergillus
CF 508 problem?
incorrect post-translational processing of CF causes it to be targetted to proteasome
transplant patient + pneumonitis + owl’s eye
CMV pneumonitis
whats the most effective anti-inflammatory treatment for asthma which can also decrease mucus production
glucocorticoids
causes of decreased lung compliance (3)
- Left Heart Failure
- lack of surfactant
- pulmonary fibrosis
secondary bacterial pneumonia
occurs after?
most common culprits?
- after infection with influenza A
- – S. penumo, S. Aureus, H INfluenzae can cause pneumonia
lung abcess treatment
Clindamycin
Cheynes Stokes breathing, what disease?
CHF
when is airway pressure 0 and intrapleural pressure -5
FRC
second hand smoke puts kiddos at risk for
low birth weight
sudden infant death syndrome
otitis media
asthma
what activates eosinophils (ex: in asthma)
TH2 cells releasing IL5
both PE and high altitude show what blood chemistries?
hypoxemia
respiratory alkalosis
red thick capsule on mucimarine stain?
Cryptococcus Neoformans
patients with CF produce sweat with high concentrations of what?
Cl
and Na
why is it a bad idea to give people with COPD VERY high levels of O2
it can increase the V/Q mismatch
increases in oxygen will cause vasodilation and shunt blood to alveolar dead space— causing an increasein physiologic dead space
“honeycombing” in lungs
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
what causes tracheal deviation towards the affected side?
lung collapse- ex– main stem bronchus obstruction
how does aging affect the lung?
- decrease in chest wall compliance
- increase in lung compliance
- total increase in residual volume, decrease in FVC, and the total lung capacity stays the same
branching gram positive organisms
Nocardia
what does obesity do to lungs?
restrictive lung disease patterns
you will notice a much lower ERV.. and therefore a lower FRC (ERV+RV)
note that RV stays more or less the same
FEV1, FVC, and TLC may also go down slightly
hemosedrin laden macrophages in lungs=
“heart failure cells”
