Stages of learning

Question 1

Define motor skill

Answer 1

• Is a function, which involves the precise movement of voluntary muscles with the intent to perform a specific act.

Question 2

Define a motor programme

Answer 2

• A series of subroutines organised into the correct sequence to perform a movement. Stored in the long-term memory, retrieved when we need to perform the skill.

Question 3

What are the 3 stages of learning?

Answer 3

1. Cognitive/ Plan formation phase (Beginner).
2. Associative/ Fixation phase (Intermediate).
3. Autonomous/ Automatic phase (Master).

Question 4

Define the cognitive stage

Answer 4

• The first stage of learning used by novice. Understanding and sub-routines are explored by trial and error.

Question 5

Key characteristics of a cognitive performer

Answer 5

• No motor programmes formed.
• Frequent errors made.
• Uncoordinated, jerky movements.

Question 6

Define the associative stage

Answer 6

• The second stage of learning a motor programmes are developed and performance is smoother.

Question 7

Key characteristics of the associative stage

Answer 7

• Motor programmes forming.
• Smoother movement/ action.
• Errors are no longer major.

Question 8

Define the autonomous stage

Answer 8

• The final stage of learning used by an expert when movement is detailed and specific.

Question 9

Key characteristics of the autonomous stage.

Answer 9

• Motor programmes are formed.
• Movements are habitual and automatic.
• Performer doesn’t need to think about technique.