Behaviourism (Operant learning theory)

Question 1

What is the OLT also known as?

Answer 1

Behaviourist theory- operant conditioning.

Question 2

Define operant conditioning

Answer 2

• The use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated.
• Behaviourist theory created by Skinner.

Question 3

How do we learn through the OLT?

Answer 3

• ‘Learning through the consequences of our actions’.
• Learning to associate a specific stimulus to a specific response.

Question 4

Stimulus- response bond

Answer 4

• OC works by strengthening the link between the stimulus and response.
• Reinforced actions= strengthened.
• Incorrect actions can be weakened.
  A set stimulus elicits a set response!!!!

Question 5

Key features of OC

Answer 5

1) Shapes behaviour.
2. Manipulates the environment.
3) Based on trial and error.

Question 6

1. Shapes behaviour

Answer 6

• Uses reinforcement/ punishment to strengthen or weaken behaviour.

Question 7

2. Manipulates the environment

Answer 7

• Used to ensure success/ produce the desired response.
• Taking a set response and making it grooved/ overlearnt.

Question 8

How does this benefit a coaching/ teaching environment?

Answer 8

• Coaches can train athletes to produce a specific movement response to specific stimuli (associate the right response).
• Response strengthened and reinforced leads to a stronger bond.
• Reinforcements shape behaviour.

Question 9

Reinforcements (the 3 types)

Answer 9

1. Positive reinforcement
2. Negative reinforcement.
3. Punishment.

Question 10

Positive reinforcement

Answer 10

• Strengthens S-R bond.
• Endorsing a performers correct response correct response.
• Can be in the form of praise and success.

Question 11

Negative reinforcement

Answer 11

• Strengthens the S-R bond.
• Removing the criticism from the coach.
• Examples: highlights errors, and negative comments.

Question 12

Punishment

Answer 12

• Weaken the S-R bond, as response is incorrect.
• Reduce/ eliminate unwanted actions.
• Examples: booked, ban, fines, substitution, extra training.

Question 13

In terms of Skinners experiment….

Answer 13

PR:
Rat presses lever- Reward/ food pellet.

NR:
Shock on- Press lever- Shock off

P:
Press lever (too many times/ wrong light)- Shock

Question 14

What other things may coaches use when using OC?

Answer 14

1. Whole-part-whole practice= to isolate the skill (an example of manipulating the environment).
2. Mental practice= correct aspects to help shape behaviour.
3. Set individual targets as a key motivator.