Stages of Attachment

Question 1

the researchers

Answer 1

schaffer & emerson (1964)

Question 2

the method

Answer 2

• 60 babies & their families in glasgow
• visited monthly for a year then again @ 18mths
• data collected = stranger distress, separation anxiety, social referencing
• observations & interviews

Question 3

stage 1

Answer 3

INDISCRIMINATE ATTACHMENT
- when = 0-2mths
- asocial in that many kinds of stimuli (social/not) produce reactions like smiles

Question 4

stage 2

Answer 4

BEGINNINGS OF ATTACHMENT
- when = 3 mths
- respond equally to any caregiver - upset when people cease to interact with them
- begin to smile more at familiar faces

Question 5

stage 3

Answer 5

DISCRIMINATE ATTACHMENT
- when = 7 mths, usually by 1 yo
- preference for a single attachment figure
- stranger fear & separation anxiety from said figure

Question 6

stage 4

Answer 6

MULTIPLE ATTACHMENT
- when = 10 mths onwards
- several attachments by 18 mths
- more likely to form with those who responded accurately to their signals

Question 7

findings

Answer 7

• 65% = 1st attachment to mum
• 3% = 1st attachment to dad
• 30% = formed with 2 people
• most went on to form multiple attachments

Question 8

EVALUATION 1 un…

Answer 8

UNRELIABLE DATA
- relied on parents’ self-reflection
- may interpret differently & cause errors

Question 9

EVALUATION 2 bi…

Answer 9

BIASED SAMPLE
- working class families
- low temporal validity = outdated fam arrangements

Question 10

EVALUATION 3 no…

Answer 10

NOT CLEAR IF ALL MULTIPLE ATTACHMENTS ARE EQUAL
- bowlby = sees hierarchy structure with 1 main caregiver & then secondary attachments
- rutter = all are equal