ST.6 Respiration N5 (CB) Flashcards
What is respiration?
The chemical energy stored in glucose being released by all cells theough a series of enzyme-controlled reactions
What is the energy released from the breakdown of glucose used to generate?
ATP
What can the energy released from the breakdown of ATP be used for?
Cellular activities such a muscle cell contraction, cell division, protein synthesis and transmission of nerve impulses
What happens during the first stage of respiration?
Glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, releasing enough energy to yield two molecules of ATP
What happens if oxygen is absent during respiration?
Fermentation takes place
What happens if oxygen is present during respiration?
Aerobic respiration takes place
What happens in animal cells during fermentation?
The pyruvate molecules are converted to lactate
What happens in plant and yeast cells during fermentation?
The pyruvate molecules are converted to carbon dioxide and ethanol
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen —-> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
What is the word equation for fermentation in plant/yeast cells?
Glucose —-> Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol + Energy
What is the word equation for fermentation in animal cells?
Glucose —-> Lactate + Energy
Where does fermentation take place?
In the cytoplasm
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
In the mitochondria
The higher the energy requirement of the cell?
The greater the number of mitochondria present in that cell
