ST4. Proteins N5 (CB) Flashcards
Where do the variety of protein shapes and functions arise from?
The sequence of amino acids
What supports the cell/organism?
Structural proteins
What do hormones do?
Act as chemical messengers carrying information from one part of the organism to another
What do antibodies do?
Antibodies combine with pathogens to destroy them and protect the body from disease
What do antibodies do?
Antibodies combine with pathogens to destroy them and protect the body from disease
Where are receptors found?
Receptors are found on the surface of cells and allow signals to be transmitted across the membrane into the cell
What do are enzymes?
Enzymes function as biological catalysts and are made up by all living cells, they speed up cellular reactions and are unchanged in the process
What determines the shape of the active site of an enzyme
The shape of the active site of an enzyme molecule is complementary to its specific substrate(s)
What can enzymes be involved in?
Degradation and synthesis reactions
What are degradation reactions?
Degradation reactions involve the breakdown of molecules, for example the enzyme amylase breaks down starch into maltose
What are synthesis reactions?
Synthesis reactions involve the build up of molecules, for example: the enzyme phosphorylase build up into glucose-1-phosphate molecules into starch
When are enzymes most active?
In their optimum conditions
What can affect enzymes and other proteins?
Temperature and pH
What does denatured mean?
A change in shape to the enzyme/protein which affects the rate of reaction
