Microorganisms N4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a microorganism?

A

An organism which is only visible with a microscope

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2
Q

What can microorganisms be?

A

Harmful and useful

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3
Q

What is bacteria?

A

Single celled organisms

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4
Q

What can bacteria cause?

A

Diseases like food poisoning, tonsillitis, blood poisoning, tetanus, diphtheria and meningitis

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5
Q

What do bacteria cells contain?

A

Chromosome, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmid, membrane and a cell wall

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6
Q

Do bacteria cells contain a nucleus?

A

NO

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7
Q

Do fungal cells have nuclei?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Can fungi be harmful?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What can fungi do?

A

Create antibiotics, cause diseass

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10
Q

What is yeast used for?

A

Brewing and baking

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11
Q

How do bacteria cells produce?

A

They divide

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12
Q

How often can new cells be produced under perfect conditions?

A

Every 20 minutes

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13
Q

What are colonies?

A

Groups of bacteria produced by a single parent cell

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14
Q

How do single celled fungi like yeast produce new yeast cells

A

Budding

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15
Q

How is mould grown?

A

By new cells being produced

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16
Q

Where are microorganisms found?

A

Almost everywhere

17
Q

What are the main type of organisms?

A

Bacteria and fungi

18
Q

How do microorganisms grow?

A

By producing new cells

19
Q

What do microorganisms need to grow?

A

Food supply, water, warmth and a suitable pH level

20
Q

Do microorganisms grow well in salty or sugary conditions?

21
Q

What is penicillin made of? When was it made? And who was it made by?

A

Fungi, 1928, Alexander Fleming

22
Q

How are microorganisms are controlled in the industry?

A

Fermenters

23
Q

What is a fermenter?

A

A container in which microorganisms are cultured

24
Q

What does yeast do in baking?

A

Makes bubbles of carbon dioxide gas which causes dough to rise

25
What does yeast break down in beer brewing?
Sugar in barley which makes alcohol
26
In wine making what is the sugar in grapes broken down to?
Alcohol
27
What causes the milk to thicken?
Acids
28
What are biofuels made from?
Microorganisms
29
What is a biofuel?
A fuel made by a biological process
30
What is bioethanol?
A biofuel produced from the sugar and starch in crops such as corn
31
What is biodiesel?
A biofuel produced from oils and fats
32
What is a biogas?
A biofuel produced from biodegradable wastes