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Biology > Microorganisms N4 > Flashcards

Microorganisms N4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a microorganism?

A

An organism which is only visible with a microscope

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2
Q

What can microorganisms be?

A

Harmful and useful

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3
Q

What is bacteria?

A

Single celled organisms

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4
Q

What can bacteria cause?

A

Diseases like food poisoning, tonsillitis, blood poisoning, tetanus, diphtheria and meningitis

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5
Q

What do bacteria cells contain?

A

Chromosome, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmid, membrane and a cell wall

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6
Q

Do bacteria cells contain a nucleus?

A

NO

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7
Q

Do fungal cells have nuclei?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Can fungi be harmful?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What can fungi do?

A

Create antibiotics, cause diseass

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10
Q

What is yeast used for?

A

Brewing and baking

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11
Q

How do bacteria cells produce?

A

They divide

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12
Q

How often can new cells be produced under perfect conditions?

A

Every 20 minutes

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13
Q

What are colonies?

A

Groups of bacteria produced by a single parent cell

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14
Q

How do single celled fungi like yeast produce new yeast cells

A

Budding

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15
Q

How is mould grown?

A

By new cells being produced

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16
Q

Where are microorganisms found?

A

Almost everywhere

17
Q

What are the main type of organisms?

A

Bacteria and fungi

18
Q

How do microorganisms grow?

A

By producing new cells

19
Q

What do microorganisms need to grow?

A

Food supply, water, warmth and a suitable pH level

20
Q

Do microorganisms grow well in salty or sugary conditions?

A

No

21
Q

What is penicillin made of? When was it made? And who was it made by?

A

Fungi, 1928, Alexander Fleming

22
Q

How are microorganisms are controlled in the industry?

A

Fermenters

23
Q

What is a fermenter?

A

A container in which microorganisms are cultured

24
Q

What does yeast do in baking?

A

Makes bubbles of carbon dioxide gas which causes dough to rise

25
Q

What does yeast break down in beer brewing?

A

Sugar in barley which makes alcohol

26
Q

In wine making what is the sugar in grapes broken down to?

A

Alcohol

27
Q

What causes the milk to thicken?

A

Acids

28
Q

What are biofuels made from?

A

Microorganisms

29
Q

What is a biofuel?

A

A fuel made by a biological process

30
Q

What is bioethanol?

A

A biofuel produced from the sugar and starch in crops such as corn

31
Q

What is biodiesel?

A

A biofuel produced from oils and fats

32
Q

What is a biogas?

A

A biofuel produced from biodegradable wastes

Biology (20 decks)

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