Sport topic 4 Flashcards
Why is personality relevant in sport?
-whether we choose to take part in sport in the first place.
-what sport you choose to take up
-how successful you are at your chosen sport
What is meant by trait theories?
Are descriptive and suggest that personality can be reduced to a number of traits or characteristics that we all share, but of which we have different amounts.
What is Eysenck’s trait theory?
Proposed that personality varies between people along 3 dimensions and are mostly biologically based- the extremes of the dimensions are
-extrovert-introvert
-emotionally stable-emotionally unstable
-psychoticsm
How did Eysenck suggest taht trait theories can be measured?
EPI/EPQ (Eysenck persoabnlity inventory/questionairre)
What is one of the biological basis of Eysenck’s trait theories?
-Where someone falls on the I-E dimension is caused by the reticular activating system (RAS- which is the part of the brain that monitors arousal levels.
The function of the RAS us to obtain an individuals optimum level of arousal/alertness
An extrovert is someone who is under-aroused, so gets bored and seeks stimulation to maintain a good level of activation. they are therefore louder, more outgoing, attention seeking individuals who may lack concentration (vice versa introverts are stimulus avoidant)
What did Eysenck suggest the traits of a sport people would be most likely?
Extroverts, low in neurotic and high in psychoticm
what did Francis et al find in term of Eysenck’s view of sport participation?
They compared Irish female students who participated in uni hockey clubs with a control that didn’t. the hockey players scored significantly higher in extroversion and psychoticism as measured by the EPQ
What did Woods (1998) find in term of Eysenck’s view of personality and choose of sport?
Found that introversion is higher in long distance runners whereas extroversion is higher ins ports such as hockey and football
what was theory one of Marten’s schematic view and the interactional approach?
Found that its important to consider the situation the individual is in and the individual’s characteristics. The view states that there are 3 different levels that relate to each other: the physiological core, typical response and role-related behaviour
What are two applications for topic 4?
-modifying personality to fit with the demands of sport-team building
-CBT
What is meant by the application of modifying personality to fit with the demands of sport?
-Some aspects of personality can be tweaked in order to help an athlete acheive their best eprosfmance.
-e.g. a footballer may have low trust and group dependence they may not find easy. Therefore they may need a personalised approach to coaching i.e the process of increasing the cohesiveness of a team by increasing the emotional bonds between team members.
How does CBT help with personality in sport?
Used to tackle cognitive anxiety in sport (which will then reduce physiological arousal)
Identifies and orifices problematic (dysfunctional) thoughts that become automatic and induce anxiety in the athlete e.g. I will fail to perform well in the game on Saturday
what are the 4 stages for CBT?
Stage 1-assessment
Stage 2-identifification of dysfunctional thoughts
Stage 3- hypothesis formation
Stage 4-testing and challenging
What was the aim of the key research by Kroll and Crenshaw (1970)
to build the research into personalities with a particular sport, by analysing personalities between different sports.
What was the method of Kroll and Crenshaw’s research?
Used the Cattell sixteen personality factor questionnaire to gather data in relation to athletes’ personality characteristics. they were all of regional or national level. Additionally some were given 15-item questionnaire; those who scored seven or above on the lie scale were removed from the study.
