Crime Topic 6- Effects of Imprisonment Flashcards
What are some statistics about suicide in prison?
10% of suicides occur within the 1st 24 hours, 40% within the 1st month and 80% within the first year.
What risk factors did Dooley identify in relation to prison suicide?
Identified a range of risk factors for suicide attempts e.g. mental illness, substance misuse, self harm, family breakdown.
What was the procedure and aim of Dooley’s research?
Dooley aimed to investigate all unnatural deaths in prisons in England and Wales between 1972 and 1987. Dooley analysed case notes.
What was the results of Dooley’s research?
found that suicides were attributed to veer crowding and prisoner stress. indicating that prison may make matters worse not better for offenders.
what was the aim and sample of Christa Gillis and Mark Nafekh research?
researched the relationship between employment status and community outcomes for two groups of offenders. 128,525 offenders were matched .
What were the findings of Christa Gillis and Mark Nafekh research?
results showed that both employed men and women were more likely to remain on conditional release until the end of their sentence and less likely to return to prison. they concluded that being involved in planned employment at the time of release from prison can act as a means of reform for offenders and it is important for proper reintegration into society.
What is meant by reform?
Changing of improving the behaviour of offenders e.g. anger management.
In the UK around half of adult convicts are re convicted within a year.
Why do prisons increase the likelihood of reoffending?
-isolation from family=rebuilding of relationships.
-having a criminal record and large gaps in work history can make finding a job or housing difficult.
-Prisons can have a sig impact on an offenders sense of identity and connection with the outside world.
-Drug problems may follow after being introduced to drugs in prison.
Who are most likely to reoffend and why?
psychopaths- as they are highly resistant to therapeutic treatment and in some cases these programs make offenders more skilled at manipulating others and securing early release.
What was the aim of the key research by Haney et al?
To investigate the effect of being assigned to different roles (guard or prisoner). to critically evaluate whether the resulting attitudes and behaviour could be better explained by situational or dispositional factors.
What was the method, IV and DV of the key research by Haney et al?
Lab experiment (mock prison). IV-guard or prisoner. DV- prisoner and guard behaviour during the experiment collected through video/audio and direct observation, post experiment interviews and questionairres.
What was the sample in the key research by Haney et al?
24 male volunteers who had responded to a newspaper article to participate in psychological study of prison life=partially informed consent. Paid $15 a day. Predominately white middle class college students.
What was the results of the key research by Haney et al?
-90% of convos between prisoners were about the situation they were in.
-The same was true for teh guards even though they spent 2/3rds of their time outside the prison.
-Guard’s behaviour intensified in hostility as proposers distress intensified.
-loss of identity
Why was were the participants clothes designed in the particular way they were?
prisoners clothes were designed to emasculate them and make them feel vulnerable
Guards clothing was designed to convey a sense of control and dominance.
What is the application of restorative justice mean?
Meeting a victim and offender mainly to help the victim come to terms with the offence. restorations refers to actions the offender will agree to e.g. in vandalism to help clean up after a similar offence. Offenders who are part of this program as re sig less likely to reoffend.
