Bandura Flashcards
What was the overall aim for Bandura’s study?
To investigate observational learning of aggression. Specifically, the study aimed to see whether children would reproduce aggressive behaviour when the model was no longer present, and to look at gender differences in learning aggression.
What were the 4 hypothesis’ tested in Bandura’s study?
-Ps exposed to an aggressive model would be more likely to produce similar aggression than those exposed to a non-aggressive model and those who did not see a model at all.
-Ps exposed to a non-aggressive model would be less aggressive than those not exposed to a model at all.
ps would imitate aggression modelled by same-sex adult more than modelled by an opposite-sex adult
-Boys would be more inclined than girls to imitate aggression.
What were the ps in Bandura’s sample?
72ps:36 males and 36 females. All were selected from the Nursery school of Stanford University. Ages ranged from 37 months to 69 months. The mean age was 52 months.
What were the 3 independent variables tested in Bandura’s study?
The behaviour of the model-aggressive or non-aggressive.
The sex of the model
the sex of the children.
How were the children matched in Bandura’s study?
On aggression levels. this was achieved by the experimenter and a nursery teacher independently rating 51 of the children on a scale of. 0 to 5. Very good agreement between the two rafters was achieved (0.89)
What were the 8 conditions in Bandura’s study?
-12 boys and 12 girls were exposed to an aggressive model. Six boys and six girls saw aggression modelled by the same-sex model, while the rest saw it modelled by an opposite sex model.
- 12 boys and 12 girls were exposed to a non-aggressive model. Six boys and six girls saw non-aggression modelled by a same-sex model, while the rest saw it modelled by an opposite sex model.
-A control group of 12 boys and 12 girls did not see a model display any behaviour, aggressive or otherwise
What did the first stage of the procedure in Bandura’s study consist of?-modelling the behaviour.
each child was brought individually into a play room and invited to join in a game. This lasted for 10 minutes. In the first two conditions there was also an additional adult present in the room. In the aggressive condition, this adult demonstrated aggression towards a 5-foot tall inflatable boob doll, kicking and hitting it, including with a hammer. in the non-aggressive condition, the adult assembled toys and did not interact with bobo doll. in the control condition, there was no additional adult in the room
what were some aggressive things the aggressive model said?
‘Kick him…pow…sock him on the nose.’
What did the second stage of the procedure in Bandura’s study consist of?-aggression arousal
In order to annoy the children and increase the chances of aggressive behaviour all the children were then taken to a different play room with some very attractive toys. After being allowed to play with these for around 2 minutes, the ps were told they were not allowed to play with them any more as they were ‘the very best’ toys and they were going to be reserved for other children.
What did the third stage of the procedure in Bandura’s study consist of?- testing for delayed imitation.
Children were then observed playing for the next 20 minutes as the experimenter remained in the room but busied herself with paperwork. Two more observers watched through a one way mirror. The room contained a range of toys including a bob doll (smaller than the one seen earlier). during the observation, the observers were unaware of which condition the child was in to eliminate bias.
What were the names of the 3 stages of the procedure?
Modelling the behaviour, aggression arousal, testing for delayed imitation
What were three types of aggression recorded by observers?
Imitative aggression-physical and verbal aggression identical to that modelled in stage 1
Partially imitative aggression-similar behaviour to that carried out by the model.
non-imitative aggression- new aggression acts not demonstrated by the model.
what were the results in terms of the hypotheses tested in Bandura’s study?
- Children who had witnessed an aggressive model were significantly more aggressive themselves.
2.Overall, there was very little difference between aggression in the control group and than the non-aggressive modelling condition.
3.Boys were sig more likely to imitate aggressive male models. the difference for girls was much smaller. - Boys were sig more physically aggressive than girls. Girl were more verbally aggressive than girls. girls were more verbally aggressive than boys after observing a female model.
What were some results from Bandura’s study (about 3)?
Male imitative physical aggression=25.4(aggressive male model), 12.8(aggressive female model), 2.0 (no model)
Female imitative physical aggression= 7.2(aggressive male model), 5.5(aggressive female model), 1.2 (no model)
What were 2 conclusions for the results in Bandura’s study?
-Witnessing aggression in a model can be enough to produce aggression by an observer.
-children selectively imitate gender-specific behaviour. thus boys are more likely to imitate physical aggression than girls
-children tended to imitate the exact aggressive behvaiour showing that they were actually learning the aggression
