Sport And Society Flashcards
Society
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest
Socialisation
A lifelong process where members of a society learn norm, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society
Society
~Human society is a group of people involved in persistent interpersonal relationships—> large social grouping sharing same geographical territory, same political authority and cultural expectations
~sum total of all relationships in a given space
~ success in sport on a global scale—> important measure of relative status of a society
Primary socialisation
Socialisation during early years of childhood
Mainly family
Key process in internalisation- learning values/attitudes that are incorporated within yourself
Taught basic values and norms; accepted behaviour patterns
Secondary socialisation
Later years- family less involved
School is an important part of social development- teaches important moral skills
Gender socialisation
Learning behaviour and attitudes historically considered appropriate for a given sex
Gender socialisation
Act of learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation
Social control
A concept that refers to the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings , appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems
Social control
Society made up of various institutions which work together for the benefit of society- variety of social processes which maintain order and social control
Social processes act as constraints and potentially limit opportunities
Institution
An established organisation founded for a religious, educational, professional or social purpose
Social change
Occurs when institutions re-adjust to meet new needs of groups in society such as women/ disabled
Social issues- inequality
Lack of money
Lack of self confidence
Lack of role models/ coaches/leaders
Myths or stereotypes about ability
Social issues
Problem that affect many people in society
Inequality
The unfair situation where resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly witching society
Social structures & stratification
Different social structures have an impact on and individual and their life opportunities e.g- type of school
Importance of stratification is that those at the top of the system have greater access to resources
Participation in sport is a chance for a new identity
Social structures
Organised pattern of social relationships and institutions that make up society; class is a common structure in the uk
Stratification
System of ranking within society
Social class
Term used to define social inequalities. Factors what ch contribute to social class include a persons job, family background, education and income
Activities maybe negatively affected by working class expectations
Sports clubs
Economic inequalities are also likely to impact on members of sports clubs, more middle/ upper class
Social action theory
This is a way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action
Social network of people who share similar views produce and develop sports
People can intervene in social processes and change them
Interactionist approach
- Study of how individuals behave within a society
- People create a society and so sports clubs are seen as products of the interactions of various people involved.
- sports are studied in terms of how they are created and given meaning by people
Equal opportunities
Right to access the same opportunities, regardless of factors such as: race,age,sex,mental or physical capabilities
Prejudice
To form an unfavourable opinion of an individual based on inadequate facts
Discrimination
The unfair treatment of a person or minority group; to make a distinction and act on a prejudice.
Covert discrimination
Hidden
Less obvious
Eg- not picking a player to be captain due to race
Overt discrimination
Obvious
Visible
Eg- verbal racial abuse
Benefits of participation
- improves health/fitness
- lowers stress,anxiety, depression
- meting new people/friends
- self confidence
- sense of community
Barriers to participation
Lack of time Negative social influences Lack of motivation Lack of skill Lack of resources/money Family obligations
Lack of involvement
Disabled
Ethnic minorities
Women/ teenage girls
Disability
When a mental, physical, or sensory impairment affects performance
Inclusiveness
All people should have needs, abilities, and aspirations recognised, understood and met within a supportive environment
Integration
Able bodied and disabled people taking part in the same activity at the same time
Segregation
People with disabilities participating separately with other disabled performers
Barriers for disabled people
Negative self image / lack of confidence
Low income levels- higher participation costs
Lack of specialist facilities/ equipment/ access
Lack of organised programs/coaches/teams
Lack of media coverage
Solutions to disabled barriers
Providing more opportunities for success
Increase investment
Lower costs of specialists equipment and facilities
Train specialist coaches
Designing activities specialised for disabled people
Specialists organisations help to develop and promote disabled sports
Race
The physical characteristics of an individual
Racism
Set of beliefs or ideas based on the assumption that races have distinct hereditary characteristics that give some races an intrinsic superiority over others, may lead to physical/verbal abuse
Channeling
Ethnic minorities may be pushed into certain sports and even positions within a team, based on the assumption about them
Stacking
Th disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain positions in a sports team, which tends to be based on the stereotype that they are more valuable for their physicality than their decision making and communication
Ethnic group
People who have racial, religious or linguistic traits in common
Barriers to ethnic minorities
Conflict with religious beliefs/preferences
Discouragement of sports in some cultures
Fear of racism/prejudice
Fewer role models
Stereotypes/channelling
Solutions to ethnic minorities
Training ethnic coaches/teachers/leaders
Ensuring single-sex provision e.g- for Muslim women
Publicising and punishing racist abuse
Improving PE provisions
Organising campaigns against racism
Gender
Biological aspect of a person, either male or female
Sexism
The belief that one sex is inferior to the other
Barriers to women
Fewer role models/media coverage/opportunities
Fewer sponsorships
Low levels of self esteem/body image
Lack of leisure time- work and domestic responsibilities
Channelling into ‘feminine sport’
Fewer competitions/clubs
Solutions to women
Laws make sexual discrimination illegal More women working=disposable income Shared domestic responsibilities/childcare = leisure time Increased sponsorship/media coverage More clubs/competitions Educate to reject stereotypes
Physical health benefits to participation in sport
Improved posture/body shape/body tone
Improve cardiovascular fitness/muscular endurance and strength
Improved flexibility/agility/coordination/balance
Improved speed/power
Social benefits to participation in sport
Serotonin released- benefits emotionally and socially
Improve sleep patterns
Improve concentration
Improved emotional health/confidence/self esteem
New people, common interests, friendships
Positive use of free time
Sport England mission
Work towards an active nation
Works with partners to try to increase participation
Try to provide opportunities to all
Key principles to work towards an active nation
Use money and resources for activities
Investing in children and young people (5yrs-)
Help those already active carry on
Encourage innovation and sharing of best practice
Help deliver more experience of sport/physical activity
Help the sport active leisure sectors to become more welcoming and inclusive
