Cohesion In Sports Flashcards
Cohesion
Desire of group members to achieve their goals
Forces acting to keep members within the group/ integrated and focussed
This can lead to success or can come from success
Can be task or social
Task cohesion
Result/outcome based
Task cohesion can override the problems of poor social cohesion
Task cohesion provides high levels of motivation
Social cohesion
Working together
Interaction
Social cohesion can form cliques and be negative aspect
A team can perform well without social cohesion
Co-action
Everyone completes the task at the same time but separately.
Interaction
Success depends on everyone completing different roles but having to integrate them all together
Carrots Antecedent
Factors that may affect cohesion
4 factors that influence cohesion
Environmental
Personal
Team
Leadership
Environmental factors
Age, geography, contractual obligations
Time spent as a group
Size of the group- big equals social loafing and the Ringleman effect
Personal factors
Do the group align in terms of aspirations, work ethic, opinions and values, happiness
Team factors
More success = more cohesion
More time together greater cohesion
If a team is threatened then they can bind together
Leadership factors
Leadership style shown by the captain or coach (autocratic, democratic, laissez faire)
Influences on cohesion
Past success Communication Size of group Type of sport Sharing common goals Personality Unequal pay/rewards Similarity/differences of group members
Lack of cohesion is caused by
Bad timing Misunderstanding roles/instructions Poor strategies Lack of communication Poor tactics
Steiner’s model
Actual productivity= potential productivity- loss due to faulty processes
Ap=pp-fp
Actual productivity
The team performance at a given time during the game
Potential productivity
Maximum capability of the group when cohesiveness is strongest
Faulty process
Factors that go wrong to reduce group outcomes and prevent group potential being reached
Two types: Motivation & Co-ordination
Co-ordination problems
Tactics
Strategies
Communication
Interaction required in sport
Motivation problems
Social loafing
Ringelmann effect
Ringlemann effect
When group performance decreases with group size
Social loafing
Individual loss of motivation in a team player due to a lack of performance identification when individual efforts are not recognised
Causes of social loafing
Low confidence Negative attitude Poor leadership No recognition of previous performances Failure to understand a role Lack of fitness
Preventing social loafing
Peer group pressure Statistics Give roles Set goals Highlighting individual performance Encourage group identity e.g-kit Punish social loafing
