Sport and Society (3.1) Flashcards
what socio-cultural factors affected participation in sport in britain
transport
social class
law and order
gender
education and literacy
availability of time
availability of money
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in pre industrial britain the lower class took part in…
mob football
cock fighting
smok racing
shin kicking
bare knuckle boxing
in pre industrial britain the upper class took part in…
archery
pedestrianism
real tennis
hunting
bowling
billiards
horse riding
in pre industrial britain what did both classes take part in…
cricket
in pre industrial britain lower class women took part in…
smok racing
in pre industrial britain upper class women took part in…
archery
dancing
hawking
horse riding
what was the view of women like in pre industrial britain and how did this influence their participation
they were the weaker sex and activities had to suit this view to not be too strenuous or dangerous
in pre industrial britain what was law and order like and how was this reflected in sport at the time
little formal law which was reflected in the violent games with few rules like mob football and bare knuckle fighting
what was education like in pre industrial britain
lower were uneducated while the upper were
how was the lower classes illiteracy reflected in their sport
unwritten or simples rules used
how did education influence the upper classes participation
they had more advanced games with advanced rules eg. archery as they could understand and write down the rules
what was availability of time like for sport for the lower class in pre industrial britain
little free time due to long working hours so participation only happened on festivals and holy days ect
what was the availability of time like for sport for the upper class in pre industrial britain
extensive free time so could take part more and in longer lasting activities like fox hunting
what was the availability of transport like for the lower class in pre industrial britain
none - localised sport within the villages
what was the availability of transport like for the upper class in pre industrial britain
they had horse and cart allowing them to travel to specialist facilities however this was rare as the roads were in terrible condition
how did law and order change post 1850
more defined laws and introduction of police force. less violence was tolerated in society
what did the change in law and order do to the participation in sport in post 1850 britain
it became less violent - mob games stopped
decline in blood baiting sports - due to RSPCA
more controlled gambling
who were in charge of law making and how did this influence sport in post 1850 britain
the middle and upper class meant their sports eg. fox hunting we’re still allowed
what act and when was passed starting the modern education system
the education act of 1870
in 1891 another education act was passed stating that…
elementary education was to be free
what did the 1891 education act lead to
elementary schools being established to supplement those already run by the church
which classes attended school in post 1850 britain
middle and upper
why didn’t the working class attend school in post 1850 britain
they worked in factories
how did the availability of time like for the working class in post 1850 britain
still limited to begin however as time progresses factory owners began to learn that happier workers were better workers so planned trips to the seaside by then end of this period the working week had decreased in hours
how did the availability of money impact the lower class participation in post 1850 britain
wages were low leaving not much money for activities
how did the availability of money effect participation of the working class in post 1850 britain
had more money allowing them to spend some money on specialist facilities like courts for real tennis
how did the availability of money effect participation of the upper class in post 1850 britain
continues to have sufficient money to take part in more expensive pastimes
what sports did women take part in in post 1850 britain
cycling
horse riding
how did the status of women begin to change in post 1850 britain
assumption to marry compromised due to shortage of men
why were women allowed to take part in cycling in post 1859 britain
it was moderate, uncompetitive, could be done in a dress and in a ladylike fashion
what was schooling like for girls in post 1850 britain
was limited
how did limited schooling affect participation of girls in sports in post 1850 britain
meant they didn’t learn sports and actualities or understand any that had complex rules and scoring
how did transport begin to develop on post 1850 britain
railways developed
what affect did railways have on participation in sport in post 1850 britain
increased participation levels
how did railways increase participation in post 1850 britain
competitors and spectators could travel around the country, horses and equipment transported more easily, allowed excursions to seasides
what were public schools in post 1850 britain
places of education of old standing which the sons of gentlemen traditionally attended in large numbers and continue to attend from age 8-18
what was muscular christianity in post 1850 britain
a believe that links a sport with being a Christian gentleman and is shown through a sense of Christian and patriotic duty by playing sport of discipline and a sense of manliness
define cult of athleticism
a combination of physical endeavor or trying hard and moral integrity or being honourable truthful and showing good sportsmanship
how did public school influence sport in post 1850 britain
more activities developed
what were the ‘old boys’
boys who after leaving school join the army
how did sport and education change in 20th century britain
physical education was part of all schools curriculum
who attended grammar schools in the 20th century
for age 11-19
most academically gifted children
mostly middle class
what did secondary modern schools consist of in 20th century britain
a 4 yeah course leading to school leaving certificate and some continued to sit there GCE in 5th year
who went to secondary technical school in 20th century britain
those who failed the 11+ went to secondary modern could get a place at the of the age of 12 or 13
how did the availability of money change for the working and upper class in 20th century britain
it increased
how did the greater availability of money for the middle and upper classes influence of participation in sport in 20th century Britain
could access greater range of sport e.g. skiing
and clubs could afford to pay players
how could clubs afford to pay players in the 20th century Britain
through increased spectatorship
could everyone afford to Spectate sport in 20th century Britain
no the cost of spectating in the poorer working-class couldn’t afford it and neither could women
how did transport develop in 20th century Britain
railways became much more available to everyone
how did the increased transport availability affect sport in 20th century britain
larger numbers of people could travel to spectate foot with football rugby and cricket attracting the biggest crowds
large crowds like the 1948 Olympics made huge profit
how did social class have an impact on participation in sport in 20th century britain
continued to be a determining factor
Who took part in tennis and rowing in 20th century Britain
middle and upper class
who was amateurism dominated by and in which sport in 20th century Britain
middle class in rugby union
Who was professionalism associated with in 20th century Britain and in what sport
working class in football
how did gender affect participation in 20th century britain
sport was still male dominated and participation by women was particularly low in the working class
Where were the ancient Olympics held
athens
when were the ancient Olympics held from
8th century BC to 4th century AD
When was the first modern Olympic games
1896
what year was the IOC formed
1894
What are the 4 aims of the Olympics
to promote equality
to bring together athletes
to spread the olympic principles
to educate young people
what are the three main Olympic values
encourage effort
preserve human dignity
develop harmony
name the 7 olympic values
respect
excellence
friendship
courage
determination
inspiration
equality
give an example of respect being shown at the olympics
barshim and gianmarco sharing the gold medal in the mens high jump final in tokyo 2020
give an example of excellence in the olympics
micheal phelps earning 22 medals (18 of them gold)
give an example of friendship at the olympics
mo farah and galen rupp were training partners leading into 2012 olympics were they both pushed it each to achieve gold and silver in the mens 10,000m
give an example of courage at the olympics
kerri strug performing a vault injured in the womens gymnastics team final to gain the US the gold medal in 1996
example of determination at the olympics
despite getting a puncture in the last couple of miles of the bike Georgia Taylor Brown kept going and managed to run her way back to a silver medal in the triathlon in tokyo 2020
give an example of inspiration at the olympics
oksana chusovitina competed in her first olympics in 1992 and has qualified for all since whilst becoming a mother
give an example of equality at the olympics
eric the eel being given a chance to compete in the mens 100m freestyle heats at the 2000 Sydney Olympics
what does the british olympic committee do
Provide support for team GB during and after the games
when was the BOC formed
1905
What do the Olympic rings represent
unity - contains the colours that make up all the world flags
How were the 1936 Berlin Olympics used for political exploitation
used as Hitler for Nazi propaganda and show supremacy of the Nazi regime
Lutz Lang v Jesse Owen
how were the 1968 mexico city olympics used for political exploitation
South Africa’s invitation was withdrawn from the games so African-Americans protested to the world.
led to Carlos and Smith performing the black power salute
how were the 1972 Munich games used for political exploitation
eight palestinian terrorists seized 11 members of the Israeli Olympic team
requested for 234 Palestinians to be released from holding in Israel
authorities attempted to rescue them however all were killed
How were the 1980 Moscow Olympics is for political exportation
in December 201979 Soviet forces invaded Afghanistan therefore the US threatened if Soviet troops were withdrawn they would boycott the Olympics
In total 6000 competitors from 81 countries attended compared to the 10,000 expected
how were the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games use for political exploitation
soviet Union and other communist countries refused to compete
they claimed it was due to the commercialisation of the games lack of security
in reality it was a retaliation for boycotting their games
Positive sporting impacts from hosting global events
raises profile of sports
nee sports facilities
increased funding
Negative sporting impacts from hosting global events
specialist facilities created can end up unused afterwards

Sport deviance is more likely to be highlighted at global events
Positive social impacts of hosting global events
provide pride to a nation which can improve well being 
improve facilities for local communities
Accommodation and other facilities built can be used by the community 
negative social impacts from hosting global sporting events
some areas of country may not get same facility benefits as the host city
local inhabitants may have to vacate land be used for venues
Positive economic impacts of hosting global sporting events
more jobs are created through building transport and support jobs for the event
increased tourism during and after the event
Negative economic impacts of house of global sporting events
bidding for sports events can be expensive
the event may cost more to host that it raises revenue
benefits to employment and long-term jobs are exaggerated and many dry uop after games
Positive political impacts of hosting a global sporting event
political parties can gain credit for success of their athletes
brings unity to a country with political differences put aside
This country can use the event to show off their culture raise its world status

Negative political impacts of hosting global sport events
if events go over budget it could gain negative opinion of a party
protests by athletes or spectators can be embarrassing for the country‘s ruling party
Negative environmental impact can decrease the party’s popularity
