Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A level PE > Respiratory System (1.1b) > Flashcards

Respiratory System (1.1b) Flashcards

1
Q

define gaseous exchange

A

the movement of gases across a membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define partial pressure

A

the pressure exerted by an individual gas held in a mixture of gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the units for partial pressure?

A

mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define diffusion

A

the movement of gases across a membrane down a gradient from high to low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define diffusion gradient

A

the difference in areas of pressure from one side of membrane to the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the blood is made up of…

A

45% blood cells
55% plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is CO2 carried in the body?

A

70% dissolves in H2O as carbonic acid

23% combined with haemoglobin to make carbaminohaemoglobin

7% blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

O2 is carried as…

A

97% with haemoglobin to make oxyhemoglobin

3% in blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

minute ventilation =

A

TV x f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is breathing rates response to exercise?

A

It increases proportionally to the intensity of the exercise, until reaching max

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is tidal volumes response to exercise?

A

Increase depth of breathing initially in proportion to exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is minute ventilations response to exercise?

A

increases in line with intensity when TV and f increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happen to minute ventilation at sub max…

A
  1. Anticipatory rise
  2. Rapid increase.
  3. Steady state
  4. Rapid then gradual decrease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happen to minute ventilation at maximal exercise?

A
  1. ME doesn’t plateau
  2. growing demand for O2 strives to meet
  3. TV will plateau will ME continues to rise due to breathing rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens to minute ventilation during recovery…

A

rapid then gradual decrease to resting levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the mechanics of inspiration at rest:

A

diaphragm contracts and flattens

external intercostals contract.

Rib cage moves up and out.

vol of thoracic cavity increases.

Pressure of thoracic cavity decreases.
air dishes in from high-pressure outside to low pressure inside the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe the mechanics of expiration at rest…

A

diaphragm relaxes and returns domed

external intercostals contract

Rib cage moves down and in

vol of thoracic cavity decreases

Pressure of thoracic cavity increases

air forces out from a high pressure inside lungs to a low pressure outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the mechanics of inspiration during exercise

A

diaphragm contracts and flattens more than at rest

External intercostals contract more than at rest

Sternocleidomastoid recruited

Rib cage moves up and out further than the rest

Volume of thoracic cavity increases more than the rest

Pressure of thoracic cavity decreases more than a rest

More air moves from a high-pressure to low-pressure

ACTIVE PROCESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe the mechanics of expiration during exercise

A

diaphragm and external intercostals relax

rectus abdominous and internal intercostals contract

Rib cage moves down and in more than at rest

Volume of thoracic cavity decrease is more than at rest

Pressure of thoracic cavity increase as more than at rest

More air moves from high to low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does the respiratory control centre do?

A

Receives information from sensory neurons and sends directions through motor neurons to change the rate of respiratory muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does the inspiration center (IC) do?

A

stimulates inspiratory muscles to contract at rest and exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does the expiratory centre (EC) do?

A

stimulates additional extra expiratory muscles during exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

during rest the IC…

A

generates intercostal neves causing external intercostals to contract

phrenic never generated causing the diaphragm to contract

24
Q

which receptors send info to the IC?

A

proprioreceptors
thermoreceptors

25
Q

which receptors send information to the EC during exercise?

A

baroreceptors

26
Q

during exercise the IC and EC send information to the…

27
Q

during exercise the RCC causes…

A

diaphragm and ext. intercostals contract with more force

recruits pec minor and sternocleidamastoid

increases breathing depth

int. intercostals and rectus abdominals contacts

reduces volume and increases pressure of thoracic cavity more than at rest

28
Q

describe gaseous exchange at rest…

A

imbalance of pO2 and pCO2 between alveoli and capillaries causes pressure gradient and allows passive movement of gases

29
Q

external respiration is..

A

the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and blood

30
Q

internal respiration is…

A

exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood and muscle tissues

31
Q

define breathing rate

A

the number of inspirations or expirations per minute

32
Q

define tidal volume

A

the volume of air inspired or expired per breath

33
Q

define minute ventilation

A

the volume of air inspired or expired per minute

34
Q

the average breathing rate of an untrained person at rest is…

A

12-15 breaths per minute

35
Q

the average breathing rate of an untrained person during max exercise is…

A

40-50 breaths per minute

36
Q

the average breathing rate of a trained person at rest is…

A

11-12 breaths per minute

37
Q

the average breathing rate of a trained person duing max exericse is…

A

50-60 breaths per minute

38
Q

the average tidal volume for an untrained person at rest is…

39
Q

the average tidal volume for an untrained person during max exercise is…

A

2.5-3 litres

40
Q

the average tidal volume for a trained person at rest is….

41
Q

the average tidal volume for a trained person during max exercise is…

A

3-3.5 litres

42
Q

the average minute ventilaton of an untrained person at rest is…

A

6-7.5 litres per minute

43
Q

the average minute ventilation of an untrained person during maximal exercise

A

100 - 150 litres per minute

44
Q

the average minute ventilation of a trained person at rest is…

A

5.5 - 6 litres per minute

45
Q

the average minute ventilation of a trained person during maximal exercise

A

160 - 210 litres per minute

46
Q

is inspiration at rest active or passive?

47
Q

is expiration at rest active or passive?

48
Q

is insipration during exercise active or passive?

49
Q

is expiration during exercise active or passive?

50
Q

define dissociation

A

oxygen unloading from haemoglobin

51
Q

define Bohr shift

A

a move in the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to the right caused by increased acidity in the bloodstream

52
Q

what effects does Bohr shift have on the body?

A
  1. increased blood and muscle temperature
  2. increase in partial pressure of CO2
  3. increased lactic acid and carbonic acid production
53
Q

what impact does Bohr shift have on performance?

A

dissociation of oxygen to tissues is higher, therefore there is more oxygen available for diffusion and aerobic energy production for exercise

54
Q

what factors affect tidal volume?

A
  1. age
  2. fitness level
  3. gender
  4. respiratory conditions
  5. size of lungs & thoracic cavity
55
Q

define diffusion

A

the movement of substances down the concentration gradient across a membrane

56
Q

heart rate increases prior to exercise, explain how

A

adrenaline is released from the adrenal gland
by stimulating the SA node
so its firing rate increases

A level PE (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions