Spine Injuries Flashcards by Arizay Juarez

Axial loading of the cervical vertebra from a force
to the top of the head combined with flexion of the neck

Cervical Fracture MOI

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How deep does the water need to be to your height?

twice as deep

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point tender;
restricted movement;
cervical muscle spasm;
pain,
numbness;
weakness;
paralysis in limbs or trunk;
loss of bladder and/or bowel control

Cervical Fracture S/S

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Violent flexion and rotation of the neck

Cervical Dislocation MOI

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pain
numbness
muscle weakness
paralysis
head tilt

Cervical Dislocation S/S

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treat for neck injury
refer MD

Cervical Dislocation TX

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Whiplash

Cervical Sprain DEF

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Sudden jerking or “whipping” of the neck

Cervical Sprain MOI

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pain;
point tender;
restricted motion;
muscle guarding

Cervical Sprain S/S

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refer to MD;
PRICEMM

Cervical Sprain TX

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Wryneck

Acute Torticollis

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spasm of the sternocleidomastoid muscle;
congenital

Acute Torticollis MOI

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point tender;
muscle spasm;
restricted movement;
muscle guarding

Acute Torticollis S/S

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PRICEMM;
joint mobilizations;
x-ray;
bracing

Acute Torticollis TX

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lacerations;
hemorrhage;
contusion;
shock

Cervical Cord and Nerve Root Injuries MOI

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paralysis;
complete loss of motor function and sensation below the level of laceration

Cervical Cord and Nerve Root Injuries S/S

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handle with caution;
refer to MD

Cervical Cord and Nerve Root Injuries

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the narrowing of the spinal canal in the cervical region that can impinge the spinal cord

Cervical Spine Stenosis

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congenital variation

Cervical Spine Stenosis MOI

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quadriplegia;
hyperextension;
hyperflexion;
burning;
tingling;
motor weakness

Cervical Spine Stenosis S/S

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refer to MD;
diagnostic test;
x-rays;
MRI

Cervical Spine Stenosis TX

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extruded posterolateral disk fragment;
degeneration of the disk;
sustained repetitive cervical loading during contact sports

Cervical Disk Herniation MOI

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pain in the neck;
restriction of neck motion;
motor weakness

Cervical Disk Herniation S/S

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rest;
immobilize;
possibly surgery

Cervical Disk Herniation TX

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compression of the neurovascular structures as they exit through the thoracic outlet (marked by the anterior scalene muscle anteriorly, the middle scalene posteriorly, and the first rib inferiorly). The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery exit through the thoracic outlet

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

compression by the anterior or middle scalene muscles presence of a cervical rib hypertrophy of the subclavian muscle posterior angulation and/or callous formation following a clavicular fracture compression at the insertion of the pectoralis minor

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome MOI

pain altered or absent sensation weakness fatigue feeling of heaviness of the arm worse when arm is abducted and externally rotated

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome S/S

PRICEMM; rehab; possible surgery

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome TX

5 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome DIAG

1. Adson's 2. Allens's 3. Military Brace Position 4. Roos

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome DIAG where distal pulse dimishes or stops

Adson's Test

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome DIAG squeeze hands back and forth if you have problems = +

Roo's test

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome DIAG pull shoulders back & compressing down w/ pectoralis minor

Military Brace Position

rupture or protrusion of the nucleus pulpous through the annulus fibrosis;

Lumbar Herniation MOI

localized pain; radiating pain down through the legs; loss of skin sensation; muscle weakness

Lumbar Herniation S/S

refer to MD; rest; exercises; possibly surgery

Lumbar Herniation TX

Outside the "donut" in Lumbar herniation

annulus fibrosis

jelly inside the donut in lumbar herniation

nucleus pulpous

inflammatory condition of the sciatic nerve; peripheral nerve root compression from intervertebral disk protrusion; structural irregularities; tightness of the piriformis muscle***

Sciatica MOI

sharp shooting pain in back of leg; tingling; numbness; sensitive to palpation

Sciatica S/S

PRICEMM; NSAID’s; lumbar traction; stretching; possibly surgery

Sciatica TX

defect in pars interarticularis; maybe congenital or acquired

Spondylolysis DEF

forward slippage of a vertebra through the spondylitic defect; usually between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebra or 5th and the sacrum

Spondylolisthesis DEF

low back pain (especially with hyperextension); radiating pain

Spondylolisthesis S/S

rest; drug therapy; bracing; restriction of activities; possible spinal fusion

Spondylolisthesis TX

sudden extension contraction on an overload, unprepared, undeveloped spine with trunk rotation; faulty posture that involves excessive lordosis

Lumbar Strain MOI

discomfort in low back; pain

Lumbar Strains S/S

PRICEMM; NSAID’s

Lumbar Strains TX

Extremely important and includes: major complaint, general observation (look for obvious asymmetries from front, side, back), detailed inspection while athlete is standing, supine, side lying, and prone, and functional evaluation (muscle strength, flexibility, sensation, and reflexes)

Assessment of the Lower Back

1. Limitation of activity 2. Antiinflammatory/muscle relaxant medications 3. Cold and/or heat application and ultrasound 4. Passive exercise 5. Active exercise (Williams flexion or McKenzie extension) 6. Relaxation training 7. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) application

Rehabilitation

Education for proper back usage a. Sleep on firm mattress b. Sleep on side with legs curled up or back with a pillow under knees c. Sit so that thighs are slightly elevated d. Stand with back flat and knees slightly bent e. Back firmly against the back of a chair f. Do not bend over without bending knees g. Do not twist trunk when placing a load down h. Carry heavy or bulky objects close to the body i. Lift heavy objects fromthe floor by keeping the back straight and bending knees j. Avoid carrying unbalances loads

Rehabilitation

3 Preventing Low Back Injuries

1. Correction, amelioration or compensation of functional postural deviations 2. Maintenance or increase of trunk and general body flexibility 3. Increase of trunk and general body strength

2 most common areas for lumbar herniation

1. L4/L5 2. L5/S1

What type of mattress should you sleep on?

firm mattress

On what side do you sleep w/ legs curled up or back with a pillow under knees

left side

Sit so that thighs are slightly

elevated

stand w/ back ____ & knees slightly _____

flat & bent

back _____ against the back of a chair

firmly

Do you bend over w/o bending knees

NO, bend your knees before bending over

Do not _____ trunk when placing a load down

twist

Carry heavy or bulky objects _____ to the body

lift heavy objects from the floor by keeping the back _____ and ____ knees

straight & bending

avoid carrying ______ loads

unbalanced

Assessment of the Low back

1. Major Complaint 2. general observation - look for obvious asymmetries from front, side, back 3. Detailed inspection while athlete is standing, supine, side lying, & prone 4. Functional Evaluation - muscle strength, flexibility, sensation and reflexes

Functional Evaluation consist of

Muscle Strength Flexibility Sensation Reflexes

TENS application stands for

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Active Exercise

1. Williams Flexion 2. McKenzie extension

medication for rehabilitation

antiinflammatory / muscle relaxant