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KINE 318: Athletic Injuries > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

framework for most organs;
supports, connects, and protects the body;
injurious mechanical forces include tension (torsional and twisting), compression, and shearing

A

Connective Tissue

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2
Q

muscle to bone - concentrate a pulling force in a limited area

A

Tendon

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3
Q

bone to bone - strongest in middle and weaker at ends (avulsion)

A

Ligaments

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4
Q

shock absorber and distributor of forces (firm, flexible support)

A

Cartilage

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5
Q

made from collagen (protein that forms strong, flexible, inelastic structures); includes tendons, ligaments, and resistant membranes

A

Collagenous

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6
Q

densest of all connective tissue consisting of living cells and minerals deposited in a matrix.

A

Bone

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7
Q

energy storage and metabolism, protection, insulation

A

Adipose

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8
Q

6 Types of Connective Tissue

A
  1. Tendon
  2. Cartilage
  3. Collagenous
  4. Bone
  5. Adipose
  6. Ligaments
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9
Q

includes …
joint capsule (cuff of fibrous tissue)
ligaments
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
articular cartilage.

A

Synovial Joints

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10
Q

6 Types of Joints

A
  1. Ball & Socket
  2. Hinge
  3. Pivot
  4. Ellipsoidal
  5. saddle
  6. Gliding
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11
Q

allows all possible movements (shoulder and hip)

A

Ball & Socket Joint

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12
Q

flexion and extension only (knee, elbow)

A

Hinge Joint

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13
Q

permit rotation around an axis (cervical atlas and axis)

A

Pivot Joint

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14
Q

elliptical convex head in a elliptical concave socket (wrist)

A

Ellipsoidal Joint

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15
Q

reciprocally concavoconvex (CMC joint of thumb)

A

Saddle Joint

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16
Q

allows small amount of gliding back and forth or sideways (joints between the carpal and tarsal bones)

A

Gliding Joint

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17
Q

traumatic joint twist resulting in stretching or total tearing of stabilizing tissues

A

Sprain

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18
Q

some stretching or tearing (?) with little or no joint instability; mild pain; little swelling; some joint stiffness

A

First Degree Sprain

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19
Q

some tearing and separation and moderate instability of the joint; moderate to severe pain; point tenderness; swelling; joint stiffness

A

Second Degree Sprain

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20
Q

total rupture of the ligament with gross instability of the joint; severe pain initially that may subside; severe swelling and joint stiffness

A

Third Degree Sprain

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21
Q

at least one bone in an articulation is forced out of its normal and proper alignment and stays out until put back or reduced (manually or surgically); can also be termed a luxation.

A

Dislocations /Luxation

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22
Q

Joint is forced out & stays out ; noticeably out

A

dislocation/luxation

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23
Q

temporary or partial dislocation; goes out and then pops back in`

A

Subluxations

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24
Q

T/F: Both a dislocation and subluxation result in loss of limb function, deformity, swelling, point tenderness, and pain.

A

True

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25
Q

inflammation of tendon from overuse resulting in
pain (dolar)
swelling (tumor)
redness (rubor)
warmth (calor)
crepitus (hearing a door sqweak)

A

Tendinitis

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26
Q

inflammation of tendon and its protective synovial sheath
(i.e. long flexor tendons of the fingers as they cross over the wrist joint)

A

Tenosynovitis

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27
Q

inflammation of bursae (small, fibrous fluid-filled sacs lined with synovial membrane that contains small amounts of synovial fluid). As they become irritated/inflamed, they produce more amounts of synovial fluid which increases pressure & more irritation

A

Bursitis

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28
Q

traumatic arthritis
capsulitis
synovitis

A

Other inflammations

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29
Q

a fracture in which there is an open wound of the skin

A

open (compound) fracture

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30
Q

a fracture in which there is no laceration in the overlying skin

A

Closed (simple) fracture

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31
Q

perpendicular crack to the longitudinal axis of the bone; very little soft tissue damage

A

Transverse (bending) Fracture

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32
Q

diagonal crack across the bone; two sharp edges; can result in soft tissue damage

A

Oblique (compression + bending + torsion)

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33
Q

similar to oblique
twisting or rotation causing the fracture to spiral along the longitudinal axis

A

Spiral (Torsion) Fracture

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34
Q

multiple bone fragments

A

Communited Fracture

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35
Q

requires screws & wires

A

Blowout Fracture

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36
Q

one end is driven up into the other end

A

impacted (compression) fracture

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37
Q

splintering of a bone as in a twig
most often in kids

A

Green-stick Fracture

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38
Q

fragment of bone pulled away at the bony attachment of a tendon or ligament
Ex. Pulling a hunk of bone from the groin area

A

Avulsion Fracture

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39
Q

results from
overuse
overload caused by muscle contraction
altered stress distribution in the bone accompanying muscle fatigue
change in the ground surfaces (grass/clay to wood/asphalt surface)

will not show on x-ray until much later

A

Stress Fracture

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40
Q

Provides sensitivity and communication from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to the muscles, sensory organs, various systems, and the periphery. Injuries caused by compression and tension.

A

Nerve Tissue

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41
Q

4 Nerve Tissue Conditions

A
  1. Hypothesia
  2. Parathesia
  3. Hyperthesia
  4. Neuralgia
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42
Q

diminished sense of feeling

A

Hypothesia

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43
Q

increased sense of feelings such as pain or touch

A

Hyperthesia

44
Q

sensation of numbness, prickling, or tingling which may result from a direct blow or stretch to an area

A

Parathesia

45
Q

Achiness or pain along the distribution of a nerve secondary to chronic irritation or inflammation

A

Neuralgia

46
Q

Thickening of a nerve; “nerve tumor”

A

Neuroma

47
Q

Nerve thickening on the ball of foot

A

Morton’s Neuroma

48
Q

3 Types of Nerve Disruptions

A
  1. Neuropraxias
  2. Axonotmesis
  3. Neurotmesis
49
Q

A transient and reversible loss in nerve function secondary to trauma or irritation

A

Neuropraxia

50
Q

A partial disruption in the nerve
- lasts weeks to 1 year

A

Axonotmesis

51
Q

Complete severance of a nerve resulting in permanent loss of function

A

Neurotmesis

52
Q

often a major underlying cause of sports injuries
may be from muscle or soft tissue or bony asymmetries
important to alleviate these if possible through therapy

A

Postural Deviations

53
Q

affects MCL: medial collateral ligament and causes joint instability and makes one more prone to injury
Knock Knees
Common

A

Genu Valgum

54
Q

extra stress on FCL (fibular collateral ligament)
Bow/chromosome legs
not as common

A

Genu Varum

55
Q

Hyperextension of the knee
common in females

A

Genu Recurvatum

56
Q

T/F : Double Jointedness is valid?

A

False: not a a real thing = just loose joints

57
Q

3 Spinal Anamolies

A
  1. kyphosis
  2. Scoliosis
  3. Lumbar Lordosis
58
Q

an anteroposterior curvature of the spine (round back)
may be susceptible to anterior dislocations of the arm

A

Kyphosis

59
Q

lateral curvature of the spine; may result in severe epiphysitis or bursitis; unequal leg length

A

Scoliosis

60
Q

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (hollow back or swayback);
may result in spondylolysis (breaking down of a vertebra) or spondylolisthesis (subluxation or slipping forward of the fifth lumbar vertebra and that portion of the spine above it over the base of the sacrum); lumbosacral strain, sacroiliac strain, coccyalgia, and hamstring strains

A

Lumbar Lordosis

61
Q

NSAIDs stand for

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:

62
Q

block specific reactions in the inflammatory process

A

NSAIDs

63
Q

Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Antipyretic
“blood thinner”
Prevention of heart disease/stroke & anticoagulant

A

Aspirin

64
Q

Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Advil
Don’t have to worry about blood thinning

A

Ibuprofen

65
Q

Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Alieve
Can take much less dosage

A

Naproxen

66
Q

Analgesic
Antipyretic
(not an anti-inflammatory)
Tylenol

A

Acetaminophen

67
Q

7 Foundations of Physical Conditioning

A
  1. Flexibility
  2. Muscle Strength
  3. Muscle Endurance
  4. Agility
  5. Power
  6. aerobic capacity
  7. Body composition
68
Q

(the ability of a given joint to move freely about a given range)

A

Flexibility

69
Q

maximum force

A

Muscle strength

70
Q

sustained force

A

Muscle endurance

71
Q

direction change

A

Agility

72
Q

explosive force

A

Power

73
Q

cardiorespiratory endurance
a) Mode
b) Frequency
c) Duration
4) Intensity

A

Aerobic capacity

74
Q

Type of activity

A

mode

75
Q

How often

A

frequency

76
Q

How long

A

duration

77
Q

How hard

A

intensity

78
Q

ratio of fat to lean tissue

A

Body Composition

79
Q

Systematic process of repetitive, progressive exercise or work, involving the learning process and acclimatization.

A

Training

80
Q

Increasing the strenuousness of exercise as able (an activity must always be upgraded to a consistently higher level through maximum or near maximum stimulation).

A

Overload Principle
(DeLorme & Watkins)

81
Q

The Quadratic Training Cycle

A
  1. Pre-Season
  2. In-Season
  3. Post-Season
  4. Off-Season
82
Q

6-8 weeks
work on all aspects of physical conditioning developing good training habits
gear athlete toward safe and effective participation using SAID Principle
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands (Logan and Wallis): indicates that conditioning and training should be directed toward specific demands of sport

A

Pre-Season

83
Q

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands (Logan and Wallis)
indicates that conditioning and training should be directed toward specific demands of sport

In pre-season

A

SAID Principle

84
Q

purpose is to maintain high levels of fitness attained during preseason while concentrating on competitive performance
Should be specific to sport while continually working on cardiovascular and respiratory systems as well as muscular strength

A

In-season

85
Q

physical restoration of the body; allow body to recuperate
“Give the Body a Break”

A

Post-Season

86
Q

reach optimum levels of fitness
maintain and further develop cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems, increase flexibility and speed, improve reaction time and agility
use other recreational activities to increase conditioning

A

Off-Season

87
Q

involves the warm-up and cool-down phases of an exercise program

A

Flexibility

88
Q

raise both the general body and deep muscle temperature and to stretch collagenous tissues to permit greater flexibility
helps prevent injuries to muscles, tendons, and ligaments (?)
Increases speed and force of muscle contraction
improves the necessary coordination when related to the activity
in endurance activities, brings on second wind more rapidly
faster and more complete dissociation of oxygen from the hemoglobin which improves oxygen supply during work

A

Why Flexibility

89
Q

Muscle strains & avulsions

A

poor flexibility

90
Q

subluxations & Dislocations

A

Hyperflexibility

91
Q

should be intense enough to increase body temperature cause perspiration but not to cause fatigue
begins with increasing blood flow by increasing heart rate
stretching exercises
increase heart rate

In the past, it was advised to use a static stretch and not a ballistic because:
less energy expenditure
less danger of overstretching or damaging tissues
less resultant muscle soreness
effective in relieving muscle soreness

A

How Flexibility

92
Q

Place muscle at greatest length and hold for at least 30 (10 to 60) seconds and repeat
should include movements common to performance
Should last at least 15 to 30 minutes and end 5 minutes before performance
can also use PNF or active assisted stretches using agonist (prime mover) and antagonist (opposing muscle)-CRAC method

A

How Flexibility

93
Q

PNF

A

Proprioceptive
Neuromusclular
Faciliation

94
Q

Capacity to exert force
Ability to do work against resistance

A

Strength

95
Q

forcefully contracting a muscle in a static position (no change in the length of muscle or the joint angle)

A

Isometrics

96
Q

safe
cheap

A

+ of Isometrics

97
Q

can’t quantify
limited to specific angle
hard to motivate

A
  • of Isometrics
98
Q

moving a resistive force through a full range of motion

A

Isotonics

99
Q

2 types of Isotonics

A

Concentric
Eccentric

100
Q

Shortening of Muscle

A

Concentric

101
Q

Lengthening of Muscle

A

Eccentric

102
Q

complete ROM
develop optimal strength
develop skill and coordination
able to quantify

A

+ of Isotonics

103
Q

a dynamic resistive exercise that incorporates a full range of motion with the maximal force at all points in the range of motion.

A

Isokinetic

104
Q

speed is controlled
have a constant and consistent force which adjusts during the range of motion
uses all or more of muscle fibers
more often used in rehab

A

+ of isokinetics

105
Q

must overcome inertia
different weight throughout because of momentum and gravity
slow and controlled movement that is not specific
cost
not always safe

A

-ofIsokinetics

106
Q

T/F: are ballistic & dynamic considered the same

A

True

107
Q

In the past, it was advised to use a static stretch and not a ballistic because:
(4)

A

less energy expenditure
less danger of overstretching or damaging tissues
less resultant muscle soreness
effective in relieving muscle soreness

KINE 318: Athletic Injuries (27 decks)

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