Quiz 3 Flashcards by Arizay Juarez

4 Compartments in Lower Leg

Anterior
Lateral
Superficial Posterior
Deep Posterior

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Anterior Compartment (5)

Extensor Digitorum longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis Anterior
Anterior Tibial Artery
Anterior Tibial Nerve

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Lateral Compartment (2)

Peroneals
Peroneal Nerve

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Superficial Posterior Compartment (2)

Gastrocnemius
Soleus

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Deep Posterior Compartment (4)

Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis Posterior
Posterior Tibial Artery

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Action of Gastrocnemius (2)

Plantar Flexion
Flexion of knee

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Action of Soleus

Plantar flexion

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Action of Plantaris (3)

Plantar Flexion
Flexion of knee
Inversion

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Action of Peroneus Longus (2)

Plantar Flexion
Eversion

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Action of Peroneus Brevis (2)

Plantar flexion
Eversion

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Action of Tibialis Posterior (2)

Plantar Flexion
inversion

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Extensor Hallucis Longus (3)

Dorsiflexion
Inversion
Extension of hallux

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Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Extension of Hallus

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Peroneus Tertius (2)

Dorsiflexion
Eversion

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Flexor Digitorum Longus (3)

Inversion
Flexion of phalanges 2-5
Plantar Flexion

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Flexor Hallucis Longus (3)

Inversion
Flexion of hallux
Plantar flexion

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absorb the shock of weight bearing ; dissipate force

Arches of the Foot

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4 Arches of the Foot

Medial Longitudinal
Lateral Longitudinal
Anterior Metatarsal
Transverse

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medial border of calcaneus to the distal head of the first metatarsal

Medial Longitudinal Arch

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includes
- calcaneus
- talus
- navicular
- 3 cuneiforms
- the first 3 metatarsals

Medial Longitudinal Arch

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main supporting ligament is plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament); area for “flat feet”

Medial Longitudinal Arch

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lateral border of calcaneus to the fifth metatarsal

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

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includes
- calcaneus
- cuboid
- fifth metatarsal

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

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distal head of all five metatarsals

Anterior Metatarsal Arch

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Runs across the first row of tarsals

Transverse arch

Gives protection & increases foot's mobility

Transverse Arch

Includes - cuboid - cuneiforms

Transverse Arch

thick white band of fibrous tissue from medial tuberosity of the calcaneus to the proximal heads of the metatarsals

Plantar Aponeurosis (fascia)

Site of plantar fascitis

Plantar aponeurosis (fascia)

Supports the foot against downward forces

Plantar fascitis

9 Bones of Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg

1. phalanges 2. Metatarsals 3. Tarsals 4. First, Second, Third Cuneiforms 5. Navicular 6. Talus 7. Calcaneus 8. Tibia 9. Fibula

three in each toe except for first (hallux) aka toe which has two Total of (14)

Phalanges

lie between the phalanges and tarsals one for each toe Total of (5)

Metatarsals

First Row: 1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms & cuboid Second Row: Navicular & Talus & Calcaneus Total of 7

Tarsals

base of three metatarsals on the medial side of the foot

1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms

Bone on Lateral side of foot

Cuboid

articulates with the talus and cuneiforms

Navicular

most superior of all the tarsals; articulates with the calcaneus situated over a bony projection called the sustentaculum tali also articulates with the malleolar heads of the tibia and fibula forming a mortice joint, a.k.a. the talocrural joint

Talus

Largest of the Tarsals

Calcaneus

main functions are to convey the body weight to the ground and act as a level attachment for the calf muscle

Calcaneus

Heel bone

Calcaneus

Mortice Joint

Talocrural Joint of Talus

Most superior of all the tarsals

Talus

Bony projection of the Talus

sustentaculum tali

medial side of the leg principle weight bearing bone of the leg (interosseus membrane connects tibia with fibula)

Tibia

long and slender; located on lateral side; main function is to provide for the attachments of muscles

Fibula

articulations of the phalanges have one on the hallux or great toe two on the rest (PIP and DIP) all have collateral ligaments on the medial and lateral sides interphalangeal ligaments on the plantar and dorsal surfaces; motions include flexion and extension only.

Interphalangeal (IP)

articulations of the phalanges and the metatarsals; have collateral ligaments as well as plantar and dorsal metatarsophalangeal ligaments; movements include flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction.

Metatarsophalangeal (MTP)

Connect metatarsals at both the head (transverse metatarsal ligaments) and the base (plantar and dorsal ligaments); shafts of bones connected by interosseous ligaments.

Intermetatarsal (IM)

Ligament of Head of Metatarsals

Transverse Metatarsal Ligament

Ligament of base Metatarsals (2)

Plantar & Dorsal Ligaments

Movement of MTP (4)

flexion extension adduction abduction

Movement of IP (2)

Flexion Extension

articulations of the bases of the metatarsals with the tarsal bones connected by dorsal and plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments;

TarsoMetatarsal

movements include flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

Tarsometatarsal

articulations between the tarsals; movements include gliding, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, inversion, and eversion the most important of these joints is the subtalar (articulation between the talus and calcaneus)- movements here include pronation (combined abduction and eversion) and supination (combined adduction and inversion); there are many ligaments in the area such as the plantar calcaneonavicular, etc.

Intertarsal

(articulation between the talus and calcaneus)

Subtalar

combined abduction and eversion

pronation

combined adduction and inversion

supination

movements include gliding, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, inversion, and eversion

Intertarsal

articulation of the tibia, fibula, and talus and is a hinge (ginglymus) joint; movements of the ankle joint are dorsiflexion and plantar flexion;

Talocrural

3 Lateral ligaments of the talocrural joint

1. Anterior talofibular(ATFL) 2. Posterior Talofibular (PTFL) 3. Calcaneofibular (CFL)

prevents anterior displacement of talus

Anterior Talofibular (ATFL)

prevents posterior displacement of talus

Posterior Talofibular (PTFL)

prevents inversion of calcaneus

Calcaneofibular

4 Medial or deltoid ligament prevent eversion

Anterior tibiotalar Posterior tibiotalar tibionavicular tibiocalcaneal

Second strongest ligament in the body

Tibiocalcaneal

gastrocnemius -soleus -plantaris -peroneus longus -peroneus brevis -tibialis posterior -flexor digitorum longus -flexor hallucis longus

Plantar Flexion

extensor digitorum longus -tibialis anterior -peroneus tertius -extensor hallucis longus

Dorsiflexion

-tibialis posterior -tibialis anterior -flexor hallucis longus -flexor digitorum longus -extensor hallucis longus -plantaris

Inversion, adduction, supination

-peroneus longus -peroneus brevis -peroneus tertius -extensor digitorum longus

Eversion, abduction & pronation