Quiz 3 Flashcards
4 Compartments in Lower Leg
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Superficial Posterior
- Deep Posterior
Anterior Compartment (5)
Extensor Digitorum longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis Anterior
Anterior Tibial Artery
Anterior Tibial Nerve
Lateral Compartment (2)
Peroneals
Peroneal Nerve
Superficial Posterior Compartment (2)
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Deep Posterior Compartment (4)
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis Posterior
Posterior Tibial Artery
Action of Gastrocnemius (2)
Plantar Flexion
Flexion of knee
Action of Soleus
Plantar flexion
Action of Plantaris (3)
Plantar Flexion
Flexion of knee
Inversion
Action of Peroneus Longus (2)
Plantar Flexion
Eversion
Action of Peroneus Brevis (2)
Plantar flexion
Eversion
Action of Tibialis Posterior (2)
Plantar Flexion
inversion
Extensor Hallucis Longus (3)
Dorsiflexion
Inversion
Extension of hallux
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Extension of Hallus
Peroneus Tertius (2)
Dorsiflexion
Eversion
Flexor Digitorum Longus (3)
Inversion
Flexion of phalanges 2-5
Plantar Flexion
Flexor Hallucis Longus (3)
Inversion
Flexion of hallux
Plantar flexion
absorb the shock of weight bearing ; dissipate force
Arches of the Foot
4 Arches of the Foot
Medial Longitudinal
Lateral Longitudinal
Anterior Metatarsal
Transverse
medial border of calcaneus to the distal head of the first metatarsal
Medial Longitudinal Arch
includes
- calcaneus
- talus
- navicular
- 3 cuneiforms
- the first 3 metatarsals
Medial Longitudinal Arch
main supporting ligament is plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament); area for “flat feet”
Medial Longitudinal Arch
lateral border of calcaneus to the fifth metatarsal
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
includes
- calcaneus
- cuboid
- fifth metatarsal
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
distal head of all five metatarsals
Anterior Metatarsal Arch
Runs across the first row of tarsals
Transverse arch
Gives protection & increases foot’s mobility
Transverse Arch
Includes
- cuboid
- cuneiforms
Transverse Arch
thick white band of fibrous tissue from medial tuberosity of the calcaneus to the proximal heads of the metatarsals
Plantar Aponeurosis (fascia)
Site of plantar fascitis
Plantar aponeurosis (fascia)
Supports the foot against downward forces
Plantar fascitis
9 Bones of Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg
- phalanges
- Metatarsals
- Tarsals
- First, Second, Third Cuneiforms
- Navicular
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Tibia
- Fibula
three in each toe except for first (hallux) aka toe which has two
Total of (14)
Phalanges
lie between the phalanges and tarsals
one for each toe
Total of (5)
Metatarsals
First Row: 1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms & cuboid
Second Row: Navicular & Talus & Calcaneus
Total of 7
Tarsals
base of three metatarsals on the medial side of the foot
1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms
Bone on Lateral side of foot
Cuboid
articulates with the talus and cuneiforms
Navicular
most superior of all the tarsals;
articulates with the calcaneus situated over a bony projection called the sustentaculum tali
also articulates with the malleolar heads of the tibia and fibula forming a mortice joint, a.k.a. the talocrural joint
Talus
Largest of the Tarsals
Calcaneus
main functions are to convey the body weight to the ground and act as a level attachment for the calf muscle
Calcaneus
Heel bone
Calcaneus
Mortice Joint
Talocrural Joint of Talus
Most superior of all the tarsals
Talus
Bony projection of the Talus
sustentaculum tali
medial side of the leg
principle weight bearing bone of the leg
(interosseus membrane connects tibia with fibula)
Tibia
long and slender;
located on lateral side;
main function is to provide for the attachments of muscles
Fibula
articulations of the phalanges
have one on the hallux or great toe
two on the rest (PIP and DIP)
all have collateral ligaments on the medial and lateral sides
interphalangeal ligaments on the plantar and dorsal surfaces;
motions include flexion and extension only.
Interphalangeal (IP)
articulations of the phalanges and the metatarsals;
have collateral ligaments as well as plantar and dorsal metatarsophalangeal ligaments;
movements include flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction.
Metatarsophalangeal (MTP)
Connect metatarsals at both the head (transverse metatarsal ligaments) and the base (plantar and dorsal ligaments);
shafts of bones connected by interosseous ligaments.
Intermetatarsal (IM)
Ligament of Head of Metatarsals
Transverse Metatarsal Ligament
Ligament of base Metatarsals (2)
Plantar & Dorsal Ligaments
Movement of MTP (4)
flexion
extension
adduction
abduction
Movement of IP (2)
Flexion
Extension
articulations of the bases of the metatarsals with the tarsal bones
connected by dorsal and plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments;
TarsoMetatarsal
movements include flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
Tarsometatarsal
articulations between the tarsals;
movements include gliding, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, inversion, and eversion
the most important of these joints is the subtalar (articulation between the talus and calcaneus)-
movements here include pronation (combined abduction and eversion) and supination (combined adduction and inversion); there are many ligaments in the area such as the plantar calcaneonavicular, etc.
Intertarsal
(articulation between the talus and calcaneus)
Subtalar
combined abduction and eversion
pronation
combined adduction and inversion
supination
movements include gliding, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, inversion, and eversion
Intertarsal
articulation of the tibia, fibula, and talus and is a hinge (ginglymus) joint;
movements of the ankle joint are dorsiflexion and plantar flexion;
Talocrural
3 Lateral ligaments of the talocrural joint
- Anterior talofibular(ATFL)
- Posterior Talofibular (PTFL)
- Calcaneofibular (CFL)
prevents anterior displacement of talus
Anterior Talofibular (ATFL)
prevents posterior displacement of talus
Posterior Talofibular (PTFL)
prevents inversion of calcaneus
Calcaneofibular
4 Medial or deltoid ligament
prevent eversion
Anterior tibiotalar
Posterior tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal
Second strongest ligament in the body
Tibiocalcaneal
gastrocnemius -soleus -plantaris -peroneus longus -peroneus brevis -tibialis posterior -flexor digitorum longus -flexor hallucis longus
Plantar Flexion
extensor digitorum longus -tibialis anterior -peroneus tertius
-extensor hallucis longus
Dorsiflexion
-tibialis posterior -tibialis anterior -flexor hallucis longus
-flexor digitorum longus -extensor hallucis longus -plantaris
Inversion, adduction, supination
-peroneus longus -peroneus brevis -peroneus tertius
-extensor digitorum longus
Eversion, abduction & pronation