Head Injuries Flashcards by Arizay Juarez

blow the head or skull fracture that tears the meningeal arteries

epidural hematoma moi

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loss of consciousness
head pains
dizziness
nausea
dilation of one pupil (usually on the same side of the injury)
sleepiness

epidural hematoma s/s

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CT scan
Surgery

epidural hematoma TX

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acceleration/deceleration forces that tear vessels that bridge the dura mater & the brain

subdural hematoma moi

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unconsciousness
dilation of one pupil
headache
dizziness
nausea
sleepiness

subdural hematoma s/s

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immediate medical attention
CT scan
MRI

subdural hematoma TX

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blunt trauma to the skull

skull fracture MOI

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severe headache
nausea
blood in the middle ear or ear canal
bleeding through nose
ecchymosis around the eyes (raccoon eyes)
ecchymosis around the ears (battle’s signs)
cerebrospinal fluid may appear in the ear canal & nose

Skull Fracture s/s

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immediate hospitalization
referral to neurosurgeion

skull fracture TX

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agitation or shaking from being hit
direct or indirect blow

concussion moi

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occurs following a concussion

postconcussion syndrome moi

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headache
impaired memory
lack of concentration
anxiety
irritability
giddiness
fatigue
depression
visual disturbances

postconcussion syndrome s/s

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treat symptoms not allow to return to play until ALL symptoms have resolved

postconcussion syndrome

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rapid swelling & herniation of the brain after a second head injury that occurs before the symptoms of a previous head injury has resolved

second impact syndrome moi

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dilated pupils
loss of eye movement
loss of consciousness leading to coma
respiratory failure

second impact syndrome s/s

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second impact syndrome tx

medical emergency

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What % of most diagnosed concussions do not involve a loss of consciousness

90%

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who determines if player is ready or not to return

physician

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a computer program in which symptoms checklist, concussion history & neuropsychological testing

Impact Testing

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Sports Tested for baseline

In the past baseball, basketball, diving, equestrian, football, pole vaulting, soccer, & softball

All sports tested now

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3 neurocognitive testing

IMPACT testing
C3 Logix
Baseline testing

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MTBI stands for

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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evaluation asks
- how injury occurred
- 3 word memory

short term memory evaluation

evaluation asks
- day of week
- what did you eat for lunch

long term memory evaluation

evaluation asks - subtraction from 100 by 7's - months of year backward

Processing Functions

Evaluations (3)

1. short term memory 2. long term memory 3. processing functions 4. balancing testing

evaluation asks - double leg stance - single leg stance - tandem or heel to toe

balance testing evaluation

If team physician not present

remove from all activities

If concussion is suspected, do not return them that day

observe for a min. of 15 minutes athletic trainer reevaluates

if athlete is completely asymptomatic

normal neurological exam including balance testing perform functional testing

If athlete is symptomatic

athlete does not return that day & remains in observation arrange for physician evaluation

progessive - walk - jog - sprint running up/downs bear crawls observe for symptoms - bear crawls - observe for symptoms do you feel normal (name) - if yes, allow return - if no, hold them

Functional Testing

walk jog sprint

progressive

Recognize Remove Refer Return

Concussion Management

train athletes coaches parents school staff

recognize of concussion management

develop & implement a sound concussion management policy

remove - concussion management

athlete must be seen by a physicians

refer - concussion management policy

stepwise progression (prague guidelines & NATA position statement)

Return - concussion management

Requirements: Every school district that competes in interscholastic athletic activity must establish a concussion oversight team (COT) All suspected head injuries must be evaluated by a physician A 5-step return-to-play (RTP) protocol Must obtain a written release by a physician or health care provider prior to an athlete’s RTP Signed into law May 17, 2011

Natasha's Law (House Bill 2038)

Typical recovery for simple head traumas is

5-7 weeks

Typical recovery for complex head trauma is

weeks to years

immediate concussion treatment

tylenol only for pain refrain from - physical activity - texting & emailing - playing video games - watching TV, video - consider excusing from all academics

Physician Evaluation ASAP - Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) Appropriate for persons Age 10 and above - Admitted or Released - Transportation Arranged - Athlete given Head injury Handout - Athlete instructed to follow-up with their staff athletic trainer daily

Diagnosed Concussion

appropriate for persons age 10 & above

physician evaluation ASAP

Symptom Score Determine athletes best interest depending on symptoms and academic demands Refer to nutritionist to be placed on DHA Omega 3 - Has been shown to aid the brain tissue If symptom score is less than 10 Setup IMPACT testing

Daily Follow - Up

When do athletes become active

at or near NO symptoms at or near return or baseline on IMPACT

Light Aerobic Exercise – Goal= Increase Heart Rate Walking, Stationary Bike, Swimming -70% max Sport Specific Exercise- Goal= Add Movement Running Drills, jogging to sprinting Training Drills- Goal= Add Coordination and Cognitive Function Up/Downs, Bear Crawls, Pass Catching,

Graduated Return to Play

Goal= Increase Heart Rate Walking, Stationary Bike, Swimming -70% max

Light Aerobic Exercise

Goal= Add Movement Running Drills, jogging to sprinting

Sports specific Exercise

Goal= Add Coordination and Cognitive Function Up/Downs, Bear Crawls, Pass Catching,

Training Drills Exercise

Walking, Stationary Bike, Swimming -70% max

Light aerobic Exercise

Running Drills, jogging to sprinting

Sport Specific Exercise

Up/Downs, Bear Crawls, Pass Catching,

Training Drills

Athlete is Completely Asymptomatic Athlete Returns to Baseline on IMPACT Athlete can accomplish all Return-to-Play activities with NO ONSET of SYMPTOMS Athlete is referred to physician for final clearance.

Final Clearance

Upon Medical Clearance: Athlete is released to coaches for normal training exercises including contact drills if appropriate to restore athletes confidence and to determine if athletes is ready to participate.

Ultimate Return-to-Play

ecchymosis around the eyes

raccoon eyes

ecchymosis around the ears

Battle's sign