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kine 318: athletic injuries > Injuries > Flashcards

Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

fracture at the tarsometatarsal joint often associated with a dislocation of the joint

Most misdiagnosed injury

A

Lisfranc’s

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2
Q

X-Ray type that will show Lisfranc’s gap between 1st and 2nd metatarsal on the right side

A

Weight Bearing X-ray

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3
Q

Lisfranc’s MOI

A

sliding or falling on heel; severe ankle sprain

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4
Q

Lisfranc’s S/S

A

severe pain and swelling in the midfoot; pain with weight bearing

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5
Q

Lisfranc’s TX

A

splint; crutches; refer to MD; surgery

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6
Q

compression of the tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel
Floor:
talus, calcaneus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
Roof: flexor retinaculum

A

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

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7
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Floor (bones)

A

Talus
Calcaneus
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor hallucis Longus

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8
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Roof (soft tissue)

A

Flexor retinaculum

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9
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome MOI

A

Most often seen with abnormal foot and ankle mechanics resulting in chronic eversion and excessive pronation; direct trauma; fractures; dislocation

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10
Q

pieces of tissue that hold tendons in place & form tunnels

A

Retinaculums

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11
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (S/S)

A

pain and numbness in foot’s arch that radiates upward into the medial ankle region; running activities and dorsiflexion increase pain; pain may be worse at night; foot fatigue; numbness; burning

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12
Q

lateral ankle sprain
most common (accounting for 85%)

A

Inversion Ankle Sprain

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13
Q

Inversion Ankle Sprain MOI

A

Plantar Flexion ; inversion w rotational forces

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14
Q

Inversion Ankle Sprain TX

A

PRICEMM
Crutches
Bracing**/Taping
refer to MD
X-ray
appropriate rehab

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15
Q

Grade 1 Inversion Ankle Sprain

A

stretch of ATFL

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16
Q

Grade 1 ankle sprain
S/S:

A

1 goal is to keep the ankle from swelling

Pain & Point tenderness
Mild & localized swelling over ATFL
minimum loss of function
no abnormal motions when tested

Probably not crutches unless absolutely necessary

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17
Q

Quicker weight bearing

A

the better

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18
Q

Bracing better than taping ?

A

yes

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19
Q

Tear of ATFL & stretch of CFL

A

Grade II ankle sprain

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20
Q

Grade II Ankle Sprain S/S:

A

increased pain & point tenderness
swelling & ecchymosis
moderate loss of function
slight to moderate instability

(everything in grade I has increased)

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21
Q

Tear of ATFL & CFL

A

Grade III Inversion Ankle Sprain

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22
Q

Grade III Inversion Ankle Sprain S/S:

A

severe pain & point tenderness
marked swelling & ecchymosis
major loss of function
gross instability

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23
Q

Inversion Ankle Sprain DIAG

A

Anterior Drawer Test
Talar Tilt

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24
Q

Anterior Drawer Test Tests

A

to see if ATFL is still intact

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25
Q

Talar Tilt tests

A

CFL

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26
Q

Inversion Ankle Sprain Anterior Drawer Test is looking to prevent

A

anterior displacement

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27
Q

Inversion Ankle Sprain Talar Tilt is on

A

both sides

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28
Q

Medial ankle sprain resulting in stretching or tearing of deltoid ligament

A

Eversion Ankle Sprain

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29
Q

Eversion Ankle Sprain MOI

A

External Rotation with abduction & dorsiflexion 3rd is the high ankle sprain

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30
Q

3rd type of ankle sprain is the

A

high ankle sprain

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31
Q

2nd strongest ligament in the body

A

deltoid ligament

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32
Q

Eversion Ankle Sprain S/S:

A

pain
point tenderness
swelling
ecchymosis
instability

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33
Q

Eversion Ankle Sprain TX

A

PRICEMM
crutches
immobilizers
refer to MD
R/O syndesmosis
x-ray

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34
Q

not as commmon as inversion ankle sprain due to length of lateral malleolus (distal end of fibula) & strength of deltoid ligament on medial side

A

Eversion Ankle Sprain

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35
Q

high ankle sprain resulting from a stretch or tear of the tibiofibular ligaments causing spreading of the distal tibiofibular joint

A

syndesmosis

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36
Q

more often than not happens on the same team
ex. football

A

syndesmosis

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37
Q

Syndesmosis MOI

A

forced external rotation (lateral blow to the leg) w foot planted

38
Q

Syndesmosis S/S:

A

Pain at the syndesmosis

39
Q

Syndesmosis TX

A

PRICEMM
Immobilize
non-weight bearing 7-10 days
surgery

40
Q

Syndesmosis DIAG

A

Talar Tilt (eversion)
Kleiger Test
Squeeze Test

41
Q

Not-so-good tests for Syndesmosis DIAG

A

Squeeze Test

42
Q

Prevention of Ankle Injuries

A

Achilles Tendon Stretching (2 positions)
Strength Training
Proprioception Training
Proper Footwear
Preventative ankle bracing or taping

43
Q

body’s ability to tell where it is in space
- vision is important

A

Proprioception

44
Q

Sizes, fillings, metal soles

A

Proper footwear

45
Q

dislocated ankles don’t happen often but do happen

A

Ankle Dislocation

46
Q

Inflammation of Achilles Tendon

A

Achilles Tendinitis

47
Q

Achilles Tendinitis MOI

A

overuse an over stretching causing repeated microtrauma

48
Q

Achilles Tendinitis S/S:

A

Pain
Point tenderness
swelling
crepitus (squeaky noise sensation)
decreased dorsiflexion

49
Q

Achilles Tendinitis TX

A

PRICEMM
NSAIDs
Heel lift (bilateral)
Stretching (2 positions)

50
Q

stretch that hurts the most: knee bent

A

soleus stretch

51
Q

straight stretch

A

gastroc stretch

52
Q

Stretching or tearing of Achilles Tendon

A

Achilles Tendon Strain

53
Q

Achilles Tendon Strain MOI

A

ankle sprain ; excessive dorsiflexion

54
Q

Achilles Tendon Strain TX

A

Same as Achilles Tendinitis
(pain / point tenderness / swelling)

55
Q

Achilles Tendon Strain (TX)

A

Same as Achilles Tendinitis
PRICEMM
NSAIDs
Bilateral heel lift
stretching (2 positions)

56
Q

Complete tear of achilles tendon

A

Achilles Tendon Rupture

57
Q

Achilles Tendon Rupture MOI

A

Stop & go activity (push off)
common in those over 30
- has changed = much younger population = 18 yr old

58
Q

Achilles Tendon Rupture S/S:

A

Abrupt severe pain that subsides quickly
- If you rupture something - you probably also ruptured the nerves = don’t feel that much pain

audible “pop” or “snap”

palpable indentation

Swelling

ecchymosis

loss of function

59
Q

Achilles Tendon Rupture TX

A

PRICEMM
refer to MD
Surgery

60
Q

Achilles Tendon Rupture DIAG

A

Thompson test

61
Q

Easiest way to perform Thompson Test

A

lie on stomach w foot off the table & squeeze the calf
If not intact = won’t move

62
Q

Rupture of plantaris muscle (fool’s nerve injury)

A

Plantaris Rupture

63
Q

Plantaris Rupture MOI

A

Excessive Contraction or stretch w running or jumping ; sudden change in direction

64
Q

Plantaris Rupture S/S:

A

sudden pain behind the knee that disappears
may report a pop

65
Q

Plantaris Rupture TX

A

Treat symptomatically & rule out any other injuries
happens in a muscle that isn’t v developed

66
Q

compression w/in the anterior compartment (maybe acute chronic or exercised induced)

A

compartment syndrome

67
Q

Compartment Syndrome MOI

A

direct trauma (contusion)
fractures
Strains
overuse

68
Q

Most important compartment = medical emergency
what happens in that compartment stays in that compartment

A

Anterior Compartment

69
Q

Compartment Syndrome S/S

A

Pain
Swelling
Ecchymosis
Firm & Tight over anterior shin
weakness of foot dorsiflexion and/or extension of big toe (foot drop)
parathesia of web between 1st & 2nd toe over the foot’s entire dorsal region
decreased dorsalis pedis pulse

70
Q

Compartment Syndrome TX

A

medical emergency
ice w/o compression
no elevation
may require surgical intervention

71
Q

dragging toes on the group, can’t lift foot

A

foot drop

72
Q

nerves w/ parathesia of certain areas = pulse going away
dorsalis pulse
extremely difficult pulse to found in an healthy individual
more difficult to find in the capillary refill on toe nail bed : white to red

This part of the body is going to die

A

bld vessel effective

73
Q

“tennis leg” strain to the gastrocnemius

A

Calf Strain

74
Q

Calf strain MOI

A

quick starts & stops

75
Q

Calf strain S/S

A

pain
point tenderness
ecchymosis
swelling
palpable defect depending on degree

76
Q

Calf Strain TX

A

PRICEMM
NSAIDs
Heel lift
stretching (2 positions)

77
Q

Medial tibial stress syndrome
lateral to the tibia
could be medial
could be all over the place

A

shin splints

78
Q

Shin Splint MOI

A

overuse, faulty posture, footwear
fallen arches, muscle fatigue, change in training regimen

79
Q

Shin Splint S/S

A

pain
point tenderness
swelling disability

80
Q

Shin Splints TX

A

PRICEMM
NSAIDs
Taping
Gradual return

81
Q

Shin Splint PREV

A

Check footwear
adjust training
be aware of surface - important

82
Q

incomplete break in the bone (normally tibia)

A

Stress Fracture

83
Q

Stress Fracture MOI

A

overuse
repetitive overload stress to the bone

84
Q

Stress Fracture S/S

A

pin-point pain over affected area
point tenderness

85
Q

Stress Fractures TX

A

PRICEMM
NSAIDs
refer to MD
bone scan or x-ray
gradual return to activity

86
Q

Hit heel hard ; not a v accurate test

A

Percussion Test

87
Q

broken leg to the tibia, fibula, or both

A

Fractures

88
Q

Fracture MOI

A

direct force
indirect force (torsion)
ankle sprain

89
Q

Fracture S/S

A

Pain; point tenderness; deformity; rapid swelling

90
Q

Fracture TX

A

splint; assess distal pulse & capillary refill, check for possible S/S of shock
refer to MD

91
Q

Special Test: Foot & Lower Leg

A

Compression Test: fracture
Tap (bump) Test: Fracture
Percussion Test : fracture
Lever Test: Fracture
Distraction Test: integrity of MTP joint
Distraction of longitudinal Arch: Arch Strain

92
Q

Special Test: Ankle

A

Anterior Drawer Test: ATFL tear

Talar Tilt Test: excessive movement of the talus in the talocrural joint
(inversion tests CFL, Eversion tests deltoid)

External Rotation Test: syndesmosis ankle sprain; deltoid

Squeeze Test: Syndesmosis ankle sprain

Thompson Test: Achilles tendon rupture

kine 318: athletic injuries (27 decks)

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