Q5: Anatomy of Knee

Question 1

ginglymus (hinge joint) allowing flexion & extension (slight medial & lateral rotation)

Answer 1

Knee

Question 2

weak in bony arrangement but this is compensated for through the support of ligaments & musculature

Answer 2

Knee

Question 3

designed primarily to provide stability in weight bearing & mobility in locomotion

Answer 3

Knee

Question 4

Bones in the anatomy of the knee

Answer 4

distal end of femur
tibia
patella

Question 5

articulates the tibia & patella; has 2 condyles, lateral & medial (larger from front to back) which form a hollowed area to receive the patella

Answer 5

distal end of femur

Question 6

consists of 2 tuberosities designed to receive the condyles of the femur; tuberosities divided posteriorly by a groove called the popliteal notch

Answer 6

tibia

Question 7

largest sesamoid bone in the body & lies within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle; gives anterior protection to the knee joint & increased leverage to the knee of extension

Answer 7

patella

Question 8

3 articulations

Answer 8

between the 2 femoral condyles & menisci
between the tibia & menisci
between the patella & femur

Question 9

5 functions of the Menisci

Answer 9

1. deepen articular surface for femur
2. absorb shock
3. provide stability to joint
4. tighten cruciate ligaments & restrict ROM
5. lubricate joint slightly

Question 10

C-Shaped Meniscus

Answer 10

Medial meniscus

Question 11

O-Shaped Meniscus

Answer 11

Lateral meniscus

Question 12

lines all of the articular surfaces & is internal to the cruciate ligaments

Answer 12

synovial membrane

Question 13

protective synovia-filled sacs in tissue sites that otherwise would become irritated because of friction

Answer 13

bursae

Question 14

How many bursae are in the knee

Answer 14

11

Question 15

attaches below and in front of the tibia on medial side proceeding backwards to the inner surface of the lateral condyle; prevents anterior displacement of the tibia in relationship to the femur; also stabilizes the tibia against abnormal internal & external rotation

Answer 15

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)

Question 16

attaches from the back of the tibia on the lateral side and goes in an upward, forward, and medial direction and attaches to the anterior portion of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur; prevents posterior displacement of the tibia in relationship to the femur; stronger of the two ligaments and primary stabilizer of the knee

Answer 16

Posterior Cruciate liagment (PCL)

Question 17

tighest when your knee is bent 90 degrees
= car accidents

Answer 17

Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL)

Question 18

distal end of femur to proximal end of tibia; major purpose is to prevent the knee from valgus and external rotating forces

Answer 18

Medial Collateral ligament (MCL)

Question 19

almost part of the joint capsule : debate ; much larger 2/3rd below joint line

Answer 19

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Question 20

distal end of the femur to the proximal end of the fibula (may also touch the tibia as well); main purpose is to prevent the knee from varus

Answer 20

Lateral Collateral ligament (LCL)

Question 21

Hamstrings muscles

Answer 21

Semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris

Question 22

Hamstrings Action

Answer 22

Flexion

Question 23

Gracilis action

Answer 23

Flexion

Question 24

longest muscle

Answer 24

sartorius

Question 25

sartorius action

Answer 25

flexion

Question 26

Gastrocnemius action

Answer 26

flexion

Question 27

popliteal action

Answer 27

flexion

Question 28

plantaris action

Answer 28

flexion

Question 29

Quadriceps muscles

Answer 29

Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius rectus femoris

Question 30

Quadriceps Action

Answer 30

Extension

Question 31

common insertion of the sartorius gracilis semitendinosus on the tibia (medial side) (from distal to proximal)

Answer 31

pes anserine