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KINE 318: Athletic Injuries > Injuries to the Knee > Flashcards

Injuries to the Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Sprain of MCL
Valgus instability

A

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

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2
Q

MCL MOI

A

blow to the lateral side of the knee producing valgus stress
foot fixed w/ internal femoral rotation at the knee
overuse as w breast stroke in swimming

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3
Q
  • a few ligamentous fibers are torn & stretched
  • no instability
  • little or no joint swelling
  • joint stiffness/point tenderness below the joint line
  • almost full active and passive ROM
  • Return in 1-3 weeks
A

Grade I: SS of MCL

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4
Q
  • partial tear
  • some laxity
  • some swelling with loss of passive ROM
  • moderate to severe joint tightness w inability to actively extend knee
  • pain & point tenderness (at or below joint line)
  • return in 2-4 weeks
A

Grade II: S/S of MCL

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5
Q
  • total rupture of ligament
  • gross laxity
  • minimum to moderate swelling
  • loss of ROM
  • pain & point tenderness
  • return in 4-6 weeks
A

Grade III: S/S of MCL

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6
Q

MCL TX

A
  • PRICEMM
  • Crutches & Brace (for grades 2 & 3)
  • proper rehab (ROM work and strengthening to the quadriceps)
  • no surgery recommended (grade 3)
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7
Q

MCL DIAG

A

Valgus Stress Test

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8
Q

Sprain of LCL
Varus instability

A

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

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9
Q

LCL MOI

A

direct blow to the medial side of the knee
ER of femur & fixed foot

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10
Q

LCL S/S

A

pain
point tenderness along the joint line
joint instability depending upon degree
minimum swelling

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11
Q

LCL TX

A

similar to that of a MCL

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12
Q

LCL DIAG

A

Varus Stress Test

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13
Q

Sprain of ACL
most commonly disrupted ligament in the knee

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

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14
Q

ACL MOI

A

Direct blow (hyperextension of valgus)
Rotational force

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15
Q

ACL S/S

A

audible “pop”
rapid swelling
pain initially that may diminish
instability

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16
Q

O’Donaghue’s version (OLD) of Unhappy Triad

A

combination of ACL, MCL, & MEDIAL meniscus

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17
Q

Recent version of Unhappy Triad

A

combination of ACL, MCL, & LATERAL meniscus

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18
Q

ACL TX

A

PRICEMM
Refer to MD
Crutches
Brace

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19
Q

ACL Anterior Drawer Test

A
  • w/ foot point straight: ACL only
  • w/ leg internally rotated 20 degrees: ACL & posteroLATERAL aspect of joint capsule
  • w/ leg externally rotated 15 degrees: ACL & posteroMEDIAL aspect of joint capsule
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20
Q

ACL Lachment Test

A

ACL & PCL tear

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21
Q

ACL Pivot Shift Test

A

anterolateral rotary instability

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22
Q

ACL DIAG(S)

A
  1. Anterior Drawer Test
  2. Lachman Test
  3. Pivot Shift Test
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23
Q

ACL Surgery

A

Patellar Tendon Graft

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24
Q

Patellar Tendon Graft

A

middle of 3rd of the patellar tendon

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25
Q

Sprain of PCL
Posterior instability
not a v common injury

A

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

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26
Q

PCL MOI

A

force applied to the front of a bent knee; hyperextension; rotational force

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27
Q

tightest at 90 degrees = more susceptible to injury = automobile accidents

A

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

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28
Q

S/S of PCL

A

pain
swelling
instability

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29
Q

TX of PCL

A

PRICEMM
refer to MD
crutches
brace

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30
Q

PCL DIAG(s)

A

Lachman Test
Posterior Drawer Test
Gravity (Sag) Drawer Test

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31
Q

Posterior Drawer Test

A

PCL tear
v easy test

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32
Q

PCL

A

Gravity (Sag) Drawer Test

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33
Q

T/F: You can damage PCL & never know it

A

True

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34
Q

tearing ligaments = worry about bld vessels = losing limb
Bad Injury

A

Dislocated Knee

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35
Q

Torn Cartilage

A

Meniscal Injuries

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36
Q

Meniscal Injuries MOI

A

rotational force
valgus/varus force
squatting hyperextension
cutting motion
forceful knee extension

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37
Q

S/S of Meniscal Injuries

A

Severe Pain
Loss of Function
Locking up of Knee
Clicking Sensation

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38
Q

TX of Meniscal Injuries

A

PRICEMM
refer to MD
Surgery possible

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39
Q

2 surgeries possible for Meniscal Injuries

A
  1. Meniscectomy
  2. Repair
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40
Q

surgery that treats the damaged piece; not the whole meniscus

A

meniscectomy

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41
Q

Meniscal Injuries DIAG(s)

A

McMurray’s Test
Apley’s compression Test
Apley’s Distraction Test

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42
Q

torn cartilage test for Meniscal Injuries
Prof’s fav

A

McMurray’s Test

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43
Q

meniscal tears test of meniscal injuries

A

Apley’s Compression Test

44
Q

Distinguishes between collateral ligamentous tears from capsular & meniscal tear test of meniscal Injuries

A

Apley’s Distraction Test

45
Q

“joint mice”; condition in which a fragment of cartilage & underlying bone are detached from the articular surface

A

Osteochondritis Dissecans DEF

46
Q

Outdated term for osteochondritis Dissecans

A

Joint mice

47
Q

Not always a fragment
Damage to the articular surface of the bone

A

Osteochondritis Dissecans

48
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans MOI

A

unknown
Degeneration of articular cartilage

49
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans S/S

A

pain
swelling
intermittent locking
possible palpation of loose bodies

50
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans TX

A

PRICEMM
refer to MD
x-ray

51
Q

Catch all term for knee pain
Pain at the patellofemoral joint

A

Patellofemoral Arthralgia (PFA)

52
Q

PFA MOI

A

multiple causes

53
Q

PFA S/S:

A

pain
point tenderness
crepitus (grinding and/or squeaky door sensation)
Swelling
Inflammation

54
Q

PFA TX

A

PRICEMM
Proper rehab

55
Q

gradual degenerative process of the underside of the patella; roughening up of the underside of the patella like sand paper

A

Chondromalacia DEF

56
Q

Chondromalacia MOI

A

repeated direct trauma
biomechanical problems

57
Q

pain (especially when bending the knee)
swelling
crepitation
joint stiffness

A

Chondromalacia S/S

58
Q

Chondromalacia TX

A

PRICEMM
x-ray
possible surgery

59
Q

Chondromalacia DIAG(s)

A

Patella Compression
Patella Grinding

60
Q

tests for chondromalacia
Patella is pressed downward into femoral groove and moved forward and backward

A

Patella Compression
Prof has no issue w/ this test

61
Q

tests for both chondromalacia and patellar tendinitis
Patella is forced downward while knee is flexed followed by active extension of the knee

A

Patella Grinding
Prof wouldn’t do this bc this hurts everybody

62
Q

folds in joint lining of knee that are remnants of embryonic tissue
MEDIAL plica more common

A

Plica DEF

63
Q

Plica MOI

A

indirect trauma as with torsion; overuse

64
Q

Plica S/S:

A

pain
popping (usually over the superior/medial aspect of the patella)

65
Q

Plica TX

A

PRICEMM
refer to MD
possible surgery

66
Q

Broken knee cap

A

Patella Fracture

67
Q

Patella Fracture S/S:

A

direct blow to patella
indirect trauma (severe pull of patella tendon)

68
Q

Patella Fracture TX:

A

PRICEMM
refer to MD
x-ray
possible surgery

69
Q

lateral displacement of the patella

more common in women

A

Patella Subluxation/Dislocation DEF

70
Q

Broader pelvis
Femoral neck anteversion
excessive Q-angle

A

Patella Subluxation/Dislocation
“Miserable Malalignment Syndrome”

71
Q

hypermobile patella
external tibial torsion
pronated (flat) feet
lower lateral femoral head, shallow femoral groove
patella high riding, flat and externally pointing

A

Patella Subluxation/Dislocation
“Miserable Malalignment Syndrome”

72
Q

S/S: Patella Subluxation/Dislocation

A

Pain
point tenderness
swelling
loss of function
obvious deformity with dislocation

73
Q

TX of Patella Subluxation/Dislocation

A

PRICE
refer to MD
immobilize
rehab

74
Q

Patella Subluxation/Dislocation DIAG

A

Apprehension test

75
Q

push patella laterally and watch for fear in athlete’s face

A

Apprehension test

76
Q

apophysitis of the tibial tubercle
(attachment for patellar tendon); common in kids and often associated with a growth spurt

A

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

77
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease MOI

A

repetitive stress on the patella tendon

78
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease S/S

A

pain on extension, squatting, or jumping
swelling
prominent tibial apophysis

79
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease TX

A

PRICEMM
Refer to MD

80
Q

pain at the inferior pole of the patella
occurs most often in kids 10-12 (varies)

A

Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Condition DEF

81
Q

Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Condition MOI

A

overuse of the patella tendon

82
Q

Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Condition S/S

A

pain
point tenderness
pain on active movements
swelling

83
Q

Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Condition TX

A

PRICEMM
refer to MD

84
Q

tear of patellar tendon (may tear quadriceps tendon also)

A

Patellar Tendon Rupture DEF

85
Q

Patellar Tendon Rupture MOI

A

sudden eccentric contraction of the quadriceps

86
Q

“pop” with immediate loss of function
pain
swelling
palpable defect

A

Patellar Tendon Rupture S/S

87
Q

PRICEMM
immobilize
refer to MD
surgery

A

Patellar Tendon Rupture TX

88
Q

2 types of Prepatellar Bursitis

A

Acute
Chronic

89
Q

blow to anterior pole of patella
results in rapid
severe swelling

A

Acute Prepatellar Bursitis

90
Q

Prepatellar Bursitis TX

A

PRICEMM
may require draining

91
Q

(housemaid’s knee; carpet layer’s knee)
caused by overuse as in continuous kneeling

A

Chronic Prepatellar Bursitis

92
Q

jumper knee

A

Infrapatellar Bursitis

93
Q

Cyclist’s knee

A

Pes Anserine Bursitis:

94
Q

water on the knee
Ballotable Patella

A

Knee Synovitis

95
Q

push patella down and see if it will rebound

A

Ballotable Patella

96
Q

jumper’s knee; kicker’s knee
most common

A

Patellar Tendinitis

97
Q

Pes Anserine Tendinitis

A

no definition

98
Q

irritation of IT band as it crosses over the lateral femoral condyle
(more common in women)

A

Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

99
Q

Iliotibial tract =

A

Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL) + Gluteus Maximus

100
Q

Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome MOI

A

overuse
biomechanical faults
worn shoes

101
Q

Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome S/S

A

pain
point tenderness
clicking

102
Q

Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome TX

A

PRICEMM
NSAIDs
stretching

103
Q

Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome DIAG

A

Ober’s Test
Nobel’s Test

104
Q

tightness of IT Band test

A

Ober’s Test

105
Q

IT Band Friction Syndrome test

A

Nobel’s Test

KINE 318: Athletic Injuries (27 decks)

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