Spine Anatomy Flashcards
%age of back pain that recurs
85%
What is unique about C1 vertebra
The atlas has no vertebral body and no spinous process
What is the purpose of the odontoid process?
The odontoid process of the dens of C2 (axis) articulates with the dens facet on C1 (atlas)
Which cervical vertebrae has a bifid spinous process?
C2 - C6
Function of joints of luschka?
The joints of luschka, aka uncovertebral joints, limit lateral translation
Which cervical vertebrae has a transverse foramen?
C1-C7
Which vertebral bodies does vertebral artery travel through?
C1-C6
ROM of occiput-C1
Makes up 50% of flexion/extension with very little sidebending and rotation
ROM of C1-C2
Atlantoaxial joint does 50 degrees of the total 100 degrees of rotation in the neck, very little flexion/extension and no sidebending
ROM of C2-C7
Each level has 10 degrees of flexion/extension, 10 degrees of rotation, and 12 degrees of sidebending
Sacralization vs lumbarization
Sacralization = fusion of L5 with S1 Lumbarization = nonunion of S1 with S2 forming an "L6"
How many sacral foramina are there?
4 pairs
What place are cervical, thoracic and lumbar facets in?
Cervical = frontal plane Thoracic = frontal plane Lumbar = Sagital plane, then becomes coronal at L5
What innervates the facet joints?
Medial branch of the dorsal primary Ramos
Medial branches from what nerve roots innervate C5/6 facet? L4/5 facet?
C5 and C6 medial branches.
L3 and L4 medial branches.
What type of collagen makes up the nucleus pulposus
Type II
What type of collagen makes up the annulus fibrosus
Type I
Innervation of intervertebral disc
Only the annulus fibrosus is innervated:
Anterolateral part = gray rami communicans, which branches off the ventral rami.
Posterior part = sinuvertebral nerves, which are recurrent branches off the ventral rami.
What position puts the most pressure on the lumbar intervertebral disc? The Least?
Most = Sitting stooped forward. Least = lying supine
What exercise puts the most pressure on intervertebral disc? Least pressure?
Most = sit-ups with feet flat on ground. Least = Crunches with legs resting on a chair.
Function of the ligamentum flavum
Keeps tension on the disc
Which vertebrae do the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments attach to?
C7-L3
Where does ligamentum nuchae attach to?
Occipital protuberance to C7
At what cervical levels are hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Hyoid bone = C3
Thyroid cartilage = C4,5
