Disorders Of Lower Leg

Question 1

What is the most commonly affected bone in stress fractures

Answer 1

Tibia

Question 2

What is one of the most common biomechanical causes of tibial stress fractures

Answer 2

Over-pronation

Question 3

When are stress fractures seen x-ray?

Answer 3

2-3 weeks after Sx start

Question 4

What is first choice means of investigating stress fractures

Answer 4

MRI

Question 5

What are the contents of deep posterior compartment

Answer 5

Tibialis posterior
FHL
FDL
Popliteus
Posterior tibial artery and vein
Tibial nerve

Question 6

2 most common places where acute compartment syndrome occurs

Answer 6

Volar forearm and anterior leg

Question 7

When do you recommend a crutch for people with shin splints?

Answer 7

When they have pain at rest or with normal walking

Question 8

Medical term for shin splints

Answer 8

Medial tibial stress syndrome

Question 9

In people with compartment syndrome, how does pain present?

Answer 9

With exercise and gets worse with intensity and diminish with rest

Question 10

What is claw hand or foot secondary to necrosis due to compartment syndrome called?

Answer 10

Volkmann’s ischemic necrosis

Question 11

What are the contents of the superficial posterior compartment

Answer 11

Gastroc, soleus, plantaris

Question 12

How do you treat tibial stress fracture

Answer 12

Rest, NWB if pain with normal ambulation, NSAIDs, Ice, stretching, orthotics, 1-2 weeks of pain free activities then return to impact activity gradually

Question 13

What muscle is usually the cause of medial tibial stress syndrome

Answer 13

The soleus muscle

Question 14

How do you measure compartment pressure

Answer 14

Manometric technique

Question 15

What is the main predisposing factor to shin splints

Answer 15

Hyperpronation

Question 16

Characteristic triad of compartment syndrome

Answer 16

Pain, paresthesias, paralysis

Question 17

What are the contents of lateral compartment

Answer 17

Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Superficial peroneal nerve
Common peroneal nerve

Question 18

Pain presentation in medial tibial stress syndrome

Answer 18

Pain improves with exercise but worsens after completion

Question 19

What are the contents of the anterior compartment

Answer 19

EHL
EDL
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus tertius
Anterior tibial artery and vein
Common peroneal nerve

Question 20

When evaluating for compartment syndrome, a delay of how long in return to preexercise pressure is required for positive test

Answer 20

6 - 30 minutes

Question 21

Why is acute compartment syndrome a medical emergency

Answer 21

Muscle and nerve necrosis develops in 4 to 8 hours