Disorders Of Lower Leg Flashcards
What is the most commonly affected bone in stress fractures
Tibia
What is one of the most common biomechanical causes of tibial stress fractures
Over-pronation
When are stress fractures seen x-ray?
2-3 weeks after Sx start
What is first choice means of investigating stress fractures
MRI
What are the contents of deep posterior compartment
Tibialis posterior FHL FDL Popliteus Posterior tibial artery and vein Tibial nerve
2 most common places where acute compartment syndrome occurs
Volar forearm and anterior leg
When do you recommend a crutch for people with shin splints?
When they have pain at rest or with normal walking
Medical term for shin splints
Medial tibial stress syndrome
In people with compartment syndrome, how does pain present?
With exercise and gets worse with intensity and diminish with rest
What is claw hand or foot secondary to necrosis due to compartment syndrome called?
Volkmann’s ischemic necrosis
What are the contents of the superficial posterior compartment
Gastroc, soleus, plantaris
How do you treat tibial stress fracture
Rest, NWB if pain with normal ambulation, NSAIDs, Ice, stretching, orthotics, 1-2 weeks of pain free activities then return to impact activity gradually
What muscle is usually the cause of medial tibial stress syndrome
The soleus muscle
How do you measure compartment pressure
Manometric technique
What is the main predisposing factor to shin splints
Hyperpronation
Characteristic triad of compartment syndrome
Pain, paresthesias, paralysis
What are the contents of lateral compartment
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Superficial peroneal nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Pain presentation in medial tibial stress syndrome
Pain improves with exercise but worsens after completion
What are the contents of the anterior compartment
EHL EDL Tibialis anterior Peroneus tertius Anterior tibial artery and vein Common peroneal nerve
When evaluating for compartment syndrome, a delay of how long in return to preexercise pressure is required for positive test
6 - 30 minutes
Why is acute compartment syndrome a medical emergency
Muscle and nerve necrosis develops in 4 to 8 hours
