spine Flashcards
how many vert in C, T, L, S, Co
7, 12, 5, 5, 4
what is seen in the primary curve
kyphosis (persists in T and S)
what is seen in the secondary curve
lordosis (C and L)
bifid spinous process, short transverse process, transverse foramen, uncus at lateral part of vert body
cervical
what passes through the transverse foramen
vertebral artery
uncovertebral joints or the joints of lushka are found where
cervical vertebrae only
upward projections on lateral margins of vertebral body
uncinate processes
uncinate processes articulate with level above to form
uncovertebral joint (or Joints of Lushka)
spinous process replaced by posterior tubercle and arch
atlas
large superior articular facet
atlas and axis
lack of vert body
atlas
odontoid process
axis
superior and inferior demifacet
T vertebra
foramen on sacrum
anterior sacral foramen
action of C1 (atlas)
yes movement
action of C2 (axis) with C1
no movement
action of C region
movement in all directions
action of T region
- stability (connection to ribs)
- rotation
L region action
- flexion/extension
- lateral flexion
- limited rotation
orientation of facets
C: large and flat
T: face ant/post
L: saggital
anterior long ligament
limits extension
post long ligament, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligament, and supraspinous ligament
limit flexion
intertransverse ligament
limits side flexion
runs from lamina to lamina
ligamentum flavum
inside of IV disc
nucleus pulposus
outside of IV disc
anulus fibrosus
muscles of scapula
- trapezius
- rhomboids
- serratus anterior
muscle of humerus
lattissumus
erector spinae group
- spinalis
- longissimus
- iliocostalis
function of erector spinae group
extend spine
origin and insertion of spinalis
spinous process to spinous process above
origin and insertion of longissimus
transverse process to transverse process and ribs
origin and insertion of iliocostalis
iliac crest to transverse process and ribs
transversospinalis group
- semispinalis
- multifidus
- rotatores
origin of transversospinalis mm
transverse processes
insertion of semispinalis
4-6 above origin
insertion of multifidus
2-4 above origin
insertion of rotatores
1-2 above origin
unilateral action of transversospinalis mm
rotate
bilateral action of transversospinalis mm
extend spine (weak)
2 posterior abdominal wall muscles
- iliopsoas
- quadratus lumborum
iliopsoas
flex spine and hip
quadratus lumborum runs from
transverse process of L region to superior pelvis
quadratus lumborum action
uni: side bend the spine
bilateral: flex spine (weak)
