lower extremity Flashcards
three ligaments of hip joint
- iliofemoral ligament
- pubofemoral ligament
- ischiofemoral ligament
function of hip ligaments
limit hyperextension
*pubofemoral also limits abduction
what type of bone is the patella
floating bone
what attaches to the patella
quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament
compare the two facets on the patella
medial has a shorter and steeper slope than the lateral
where are the medial and lateral malleolus found
- tibia: medial malleolus
- fibula: lateral malleolus
three bones that make up knee joint
femur, patella, and tibia
tibio-femoral joint
- covered by menisci
- > medial: semicircular
- > lateral: ring
function of tibo-femoral joint
shock absorber
improve congruency and contact areas
anterior cruciate ligament
from anterior tibia to inner aspect of lateral femoral condyle
function of acl
prevent anterior translation of tibia on femur
posterior crucial ligament
from posterior intercondylar tibia to inner aspect of medial femoral condyle
function of pcl
prevent posterior translation of tibia on femur
transverse tarsal joint
talus with (cuboid and navicular)
- include:
- calcaneocuboid
- talonavicular
- inversion and eversion
tarsometatarsal joint
between cuboid with cuneiforms and the metatarsals
talonavicular joint
talus and navicular
calcaneocuboid joint
calcaneus and cuboid
talocrural joint
- true ankle joint
- dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
- between talus and tibia/fibula
subtalar joint function
inversion and eversion
MTP joint function
flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
DIP and PIP joint functions
flexion and extension
ligaments that resist inversion in the ankle
- atfl
- ptfl
- cfl
ligaments that resist eversion of the ankle
medial collateral ligament and deltoid ligament
hip extensor
gluteus maximus
hip rotator and abductor
gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
muscles of hip joint (superficial to deep)
*lateral rotation
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- piriformis
- gemellus superior
- obturator internus
- gemellus inferior
- obturator externus
- quadratus femoris
piriformis passes through
greater sciatic foramen then posterior to head and neck of femur
obturator internus passes through
lesser sciatic foramen
obturator externis
passes behind anatomical neck of femur
gluteus maximus
- inferior gluteal n
- extension of hip
gluteus medius
- superior gluteal n
- medial rotation and abduction of hip
gluteus minimus
- superior gluteal n
- medial rotation and abduction of hip
pectineus
- femoral n
- adduction and flexion of hip
gracilis
- obturator n
- adduction of hip
- flexion of knee
adductor magnus
- adductor part: obturator n
- hamstring part: sciatic n (tibial division)
- medial rotation and adduction of hip
adductor longus
- obturator n (anterior division)
- medial rotation and adduction of hip
adductor brevis
- obturator n
- adduction of hip
quadriceps
- femoral n
- extension of knee
biceps femoris
- sciatic n
- flexion of knee
- extension and lateral rotation at hip
- lateral rotation of leg at knee
semitendinosus
- sciatic n
- flexion of leg at knee
- extension and medial rotation of hip
- medial rotation of knee
semimembranosus
- sciatic n
- flexion of knee
- extension and medial rotation at hip
- medial rotation at knee
tibialis anterior
- deep fibular n
- dorsiflexion
- inversion
- support medial arch
extensor digitorum longus
- deep fibular n
- extension of lateral 4 toes
- dorsiflexion of foot
extensor hallucis longus
- deep fibular n
- extension of big toe
- dorsiflexion of foot
gastrocnemius
- tibial n
- plantarflexion
- flexion of knee
soleus
- tibial n
- plantarflexion
tibialis posterior
- tibial n
- inversion and plantarflexion
- support medial arch
flexor digitorum longus
- tibial n
- flexion of lateral 4 toes
flexor hallucis longus
- tibial n
- flexion of big toe
fibularis longus
- superficial fibular n
- eversion and plantarflexion
- support arches of foot
fibularis brevis
- superficial fibular n
- eversion of foot
