neck -posterior triangle

Question 1

two smaller triangles of posterior triangle

Answer 1

occipital and omoclavicular (subclavian)

Question 2

what is the reference point for the anterior and posterior triangles

Answer 2

sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 3

what separates the two posterior triangles

Answer 3

inferior belly of omohyoid m

Question 4

borders of posterior triangle

Answer 4

anterior: posterior border of SCM
posterior: anterior border of trapezius m
inferior: middle 1/3 of clavicle
superior: occipital bone (post to mastoid process)
roof: investing layer
floor: prevertebral cervical fascia

Question 5

two heads of scm m

Answer 5

sternal head and clavicular head

Question 6

origin of sternal head

Answer 6

anterior surface of manubrium

Question 7

origin of clavicular head

Answer 7

superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle

Question 8

insertion of scm m

Answer 8

lateral surface of mastoid process and superior nuchal line

Question 9

action of scm m (unilateral)

Answer 9

lateral flexion (same) and rotation (opposite)

Question 10

action of scm m (bilateral)

Answer 10

extension of head and flexion of the neck

Question 11

innervation of scm m

Answer 11

accessory n and branches of AC (propriocepton)

Question 12

origin of trapezius m

Answer 12

1) superior nuchal line
2) external occipital protuberance
3) nuchal ligament
4) spinous process (C7-T12)

Question 13

insertion of trapezius m

Answer 13

• clavicle

- scapula

Question 14

unilateral action of trapezius m

Answer 14

lateral flexion (same)

Question 15

bilateral action of trapezius m

Answer 15

extends neck

Question 16

other functions of trapezius m

Answer 16

rotate, elevate, and depress scapula

elevates and depresses shoulder

Question 17

innervation of trap m

Answer 17

• accessory n

- AC => C2 and C3 (proprioception)

Question 18

insertion splenius capitis m

Answer 18

• mastoid process

- skull below superior nuchal line

Question 19

bilateral action of splenius capitis

Answer 19

extension (head back)

Question 20

unilateral action of splenius capitis

Answer 20

• flex head laterally (same)

- rotates face (same!)

Question 21

origin of anterior scalene m

Answer 21

transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Question 22

insertion of anterior scalene m

Answer 22

RIB 1

Question 23

scalene muscles and SCM aid in what?

Answer 23

forced inspiration (by elevation of ribs and sternum)

Question 24

origin of middle scalene m

Answer 24

transverse process of c vertebrae

Question 25

insertion of middle scalene m

Answer 25

upper surface of RIB 1

Question 26

origin of posterior scalene m

Answer 26

transverse processes of c vertebrae

Question 27

insertion of posterior scalene m

Answer 27

upper surface of RIB 2

Question 28

bilateral action of scalene muscles

Answer 28

• flex neck (all)
• elevate RIB 1 (anterior and middle)
• elevate RIB 2 (posterior)

Question 29

unilateral action of scalene muscles

Answer 29

all will flex neck laterally (same side)

Question 30

inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

Answer 30

origin: superior border of scapula
insertion: intermediate tendon
action: depress and fix hyoid bone
innerv: ansa cervicalis

Question 31

subclavian Artery

Answer 31

1st part: medial to anterior scalene m
2nd part: passes BEHIND anterior scalene m
3rd part: emerges lateral to anterior scalene m

Question 32

subclavian vein

Answer 32

• anterior to and lower than subclavian a

- sits on the anterior scalene m

Question 33

external jugular vein

Answer 33

• on top of scm

- drains into subclavian v

Question 34

accessory nerve

Answer 34

passes through the anterior triangle to supply SCM and posterior triangle to supply trapezius m

Question 35

cervical plexus

Answer 35

cutaneous (superficial) = sensory

muscular (deep) = motor

Question 36

what are the cutaneous (superficial) branches

Answer 36

• lesser occipital
• greater auricular
• transverse cervical
• supraclavicular

Question 37

lesser occipital n

Answer 37

• branches from C2
• goes up along the posterior border of scm
• supplies: skin of neck, scalp behind ear

Question 38

greater auricular n

Answer 38

• branches from c2 and c3
• goes up the scm to base of ear
• supplies: auricle, scalp (behind ear), skin of parotid region and parotid gland, skin from angle of mandible to mastoid

Question 39

what supplies the angle of mandible

Answer 39

greater auricular nerve

Question 40

transverse cervical nerve

Answer 40

• branches from c2 to c3
• passes below greater auricular n
• goes horizontally across scm to supply lateral and anterior parts of neck

Question 41

supraclavicular nerves

Answer 41

• from c3 to c4
• descend after emerging from post border of scm
• supply: skin over clavicle and shoulder to RIB 2

Question 42

motor nerves

Answer 42

• phrenic

- ansa cervicalis

Question 43

phrenic nerve

Answer 43

• part of cervical plexus
• goes to diaphragm
• motor and sensory to diaphragm

Question 44

phrenic nerve is found

Answer 44

• on anterior scalene m

- lateral to vagus

Question 45

ansa cervicalis

Answer 45

• c1 to c3

- supplies supperior and inferior belly of omohyoid m, sternohyoid m, sternothyroid m

Question 46

brachial plexus

Answer 46

• 3 trunks

- found between anterior and middle scalene muscles