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NPTE MS > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

General function of vertebral column

A

Support for head and internal organs
Stable attachment for all soft tissues, extremities, rib cage, and pelvis
Protection of internal organs and spinal cord
Attenuates forces from above and below

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2
Q

Components of vertebral column

A

24 freely movable and 9 fused bones

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3
Q

Cervical variations -

A

Two atypical (atlas and axis) which allow for increase AROM in rotation without compressing spinal cord
Uncinate processes
Transverse foramen

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4
Q

Cervical variations - uncinate joints - found at

A

C3 to C7

Limit lateral cervical movement

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5
Q

Thoracic variations - demifacets for articulation with

A

ribs

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6
Q

Thoracic variations - spinous process

A

Follow rules of 3
SP of T1-T3 even with TP of same level
SP T4-T6 SP found 1/2 level below TP of same level
SP T7-T9 SP one full level below TP of same level
T10 - full level below
T11 - 1/2 level
T12 - level

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7
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

Synovial articulation between occiput and C1

YES joint

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8
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

A

Nonsynovial articulation between dens of C2 and anterior arch of C1
NO joint

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9
Q

Apophyseal or Facet joints

A

Synovial/diarthordial joints with capsule and synovial membrane
Guide movement of the spine

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10
Q

Intervertebral joints

A

Between IVD and adjacent sup and inf vert body

Allow mvmnt between bodies and transmits load from one vertebral segment to another

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11
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

Diarthrosis/Synarthrosis (syndesmosis) combination
Ilial articulation is convex (covered with fibro)
Sacral articulation is concave (covered with hyaline)

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12
Q

Fibroadipose meniscoid
Composed of ___
Found ___
Function ___

A

Composed of dense CT and adipose tissue
Found at sup and inf aspects of facet joints
Protects cartilage of facet surface during extremes in motion

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13
Q

Inspiratory muscles

A

Diaphragm
Levator costarum
External intercostals
Ant internal intercostals

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14
Q

Forced expiratory muscles

A 
Internal oblique
External oblique
TA
Posterior internal intercostals 
Rectus abdominis
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15
Q

Spinal extension

A

Erector spinae
Transversospinalis
Interspinalis
Rotatores intertransversarii

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16
Q

Spinal flexion

A

Rectus abdominis
External obliques
Internal oblique
Psoas major

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17
Q

Spinal lateral flexion

A

Quadratus lumborum

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18
Q

Spinal rotation

A

Rotators
Internal/Ext obliques
Intertransversarii
Transversospinalis

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19
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Concentric layers or lamellae composed of type II collagen and fibrocartilage
65% water

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20
Q

Abbulus fibrosus - outer 1/3 innervated by

A

branches from sinovertebral nerve

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21
Q

Annulus fibrosus - functions to

A

sustain compressive, torsional, shearing, and distraction loads

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22
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Gel with imbiding capabilities composed of water and proteoglycans with a minimal amount of type 1 collagen
Avascular and aneural structure
70-90% water

23
Q

Nucleus pulposus - function

A

to sustain compressive, torsional, shearing, and distraction loads
Makes up 20-33% height of vertebral column

24
Q

Vertebral endplate

A

Continuous with annulus and nucles

Sits inside ring apophysis of vertebral body

25
Q

Vertebral endplate - composed of

A

proteoglycans, collagen, and water as well as both fibrocartilage (side closest to disc) and hyaline cartilage (side closest to vertebral body)

26
Q

Vertebral endplate - functions to

A

provide passive diffusion of nutrients

27
Q

Capsules - facet joint

A

Assist ligaments in providing limitation of motion and stability of spine
Strongest in thoracolumbar and cervicothoracic regions

28
Q

Capsules - sacroiliac

A

Synovial capsule present in surrounding joint - very prominent ant
Is lost post with posterior interossseous ligament

29
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia - function

A

Provides stability of vertebral column when a force is applied
Acts as a corset when tension is created by contraction of abs, glutes, and lumbar mm

30
Q

Nerves - Dorsal roots transmit

A

sensory fibers to spinal cord

31
Q

Nerves - Ventral roots transmit

A

motor fibers from spinal cord to spinal nerve

32
Q

Spinal nerves are connected centrally to spinal cord by

A

a dorsal and ventral root which join to become the spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen
Spinal nerves divide into dorsal and ventral rami

33
Q

Dorsal rami innervate structures of the

A

posterior trunk

34
Q

Ventral rami

A

Cervical - form cervical and brachial plexuses
Thoracic - innervate anterior thoracic trunk
Lumbar - form lumbar and lumbosacral plexuses

35
Q

Cervical plexus

A

C1 - C4

36
Q

Brachial plexus

A

C5 - T1

37
Q

Spinal nerves - Cervical spinal nerves come out

A

at the level above its associated vertebrae

38
Q

Spinal nerves - Thoracic/Lumbar spinal nerves comes out

A

at level below its associated vertebrae

39
Q

Spinal cord terminates at about

A

L1/L2 disc

40
Q

Biomechanics - Spinal flexion

A

Upper facets glide anteroproximally and tilt forward

41
Q

Biomechanics - Spinal extension

A

Upper facets move downward, slightly posterior, and tilt backward

42
Q

Biomechanics - Side bending ???

A

When SB R upper facet moves down and slightly ant. L facet moves upward and slightly post
Both facets move to the left

43
Q

Biomechanics - Cervical right rotation causes

A

facets on right to glide down and back

causing approximation of facet joints on the right

44
Q

Biomechanics - lumbar/thoracic rotation

A

Very little
But this motion causes separation and approximation of the facet joints
If L3 rotates right, there is separation at R L3-L4 joint and approximation at left L3-L4 joint

45
Q

Biomechanics - Coupled motions - Cervical

A

SB and Rot occur in same direction from C2 - C7
REGARDLESS of whether spine is in neutral/extension or flexion
When occiput SB, C1 rotates in opp direction

46
Q

Biomechanics - Coupled motions - Lumbar/Thoracic - Neutral/Extension

A

Lumbar segments SB and Rot in OPP directions

SB R results in segment rotating left

47
Q

Biomechanics - Coupled motions - Lumbar/Thoracic - Flexion

A

Lumbar segments SB and Rot in SAME direction

48
Q

Biomechancis - Lumbopelvic rhythm - during flexion

A

spine (primarily lumbar) - goes through 60-70 of motion and then pelvis will rotate ant to allow more movement, eventually followed by flexion of hips

49
Q

Biomechanics - Lumbopelvic rhythm - during extension (coming from flexed position)

A

Hips extend, pelvis rotates post, and then spine begins to extend

50
Q

Sacroiliac joint osteokinematics - motion at SIJ joint

A

is limited but during gait movement takes place in multiple planes

51
Q

Sacroiliac joint osteokinematics - Nutation and Counternutation is what

A

coupling motion that occurs between sacrum and ilium during gait

52
Q

Sacroiliac joint osteokinematics - Nutation is what

A

A movement that involves flexion of sacrum and posterior rotation of ilium

53
Q

Sacroiliac joint osteokinematics - Counternutation is what

A

A movement that involves extension of sacrum and anterior rotation of ilium

NPTE MS (29 decks)

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