Elbow disorders

Question 1

Elbow contractures - loss of motion in capsular pattern which is what

Answer 1

Loss of flexion greater than extension

Question 2

Elbow contractures - loss of motion in a noncapsular pattern as the result of what

Answer 2

loose body in the joint, ligamentous sprain, and/or complex regional pain syndrome

Question 3

Elbow - lateral epicondylosis/epicondylopathy AKA

Answer 3

Tennis elbow

Question 4

Elbow - lateral epicondylosis/epicondylopathy - most often is a chronic degenerative condition of what

Answer 4

extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon (ECRB) at its proximal attachment to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 5

Elbow - medial epicondylosis/epicondylopathy - AKA

Answer 5

golfer’s elbow

Question 6

Elbow - medial epicondylosis/epicondylopathy - most often a degenerative condition of what

Answer 6

the pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis tendons at their attachment to the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 7

Elbow - distal humerus fractures - supracondylar fractures must be examined quickly for what

Answer 7

neurovascular status due to high number of neurological and vascular structures that pass throughout that region
In youth - need to evaluate growth plate

Question 8

Elbow - distal humerus fractures - supracondylar fractures - high incidence of what

Answer 8

malunion

Question 9

Elbow - distal humerus fractures - lateral epicondyle factures are fairly common in who? and usually require what?

Answer 9

younger people and typically require ORIF to ensure proper alignment

Question 10

Elbow - osteochondritis of humeral capitellum - osteochondritis dissecans affects what

Answer 10

central and/or lateral aspect of capitulum or radial head

Question 11

Elbow - osteochondritis of humeral capitellum - osteochondritis dissecans - what happens

Answer 11

An osteochondral bone fragment becomes detached from articular surface, forming a loos body in the joint

Question 12

Elbow - osteochondritis of humeral capitellum - osteochondritis dissecans - caused by what

Answer 12

Repetitive compressive forces between radial head and humeral capitulum

Question 13

Elbow - osteochondritis of humeral capitellum - osteochondritis dissecans - usually occurs in what age group

Answer 13

12-15 years

Question 14

Elbow - osteochondritis of humeral capitellum - Panner’s disease is a what

Answer 14

localized avascular necrosis of capitulum leading to loss of subchondral bone with fissuring and softening of articular surfaces of radiocapitellar joint

Question 15

Elbow - osteochondritis of humeral capitellum - Panner’s disease is a what - etiology

Answer 15

unknown

Question 16

Elbow - osteochondritis of humeral capitellum - Panner’s disease is a what - occurs in what age group

Answer 16

10 and younger

Question 17

Elbow - osteochondritis of humeral capitellum - PT goals

Answer 17

Avoid throwing or UE loading
When pain free can initiate flexibility and strengthening
Late phases - slowly increase load
With surgery - minimize pain and swelling - start flexibility immediately

Question 18

Elbow - ulnar collateral ligament injuries - result from

Answer 18

repetitive valgus stresses to medial elbow with overhead throwing

Question 19

Elbow - nerve entrapments - Ulnar - causes

Answer 19

Direct trauma at cubital tunnel
Traction from laxity at medial aspect of elbow
Compression from thick retinaculum or hypertrophy of flexor carpi ulnaris
Recurrent subluxation/dislocation
DJD impacting cubital tunnel

Question 20

Elbow - nerve entrapments - Medial - causes

Answer 20

Occurs within pronator teres muscle and under superficial head of flexor digitorum superficialis with rep. gripping activity

Question 21

Elbow - nerve entrapments - Radial - causes

Answer 21

Entrapment of distal branches (posterior interosseous nerve) occuring within radial tunnel as a result of overhead activity and throwing

Question 22

Elbow - Elbow dislocations - which type are most

Answer 22

posterior

Question 23

Elbow - dislocations - posterior are defined as

Answer 23

Position of olecranon relative to humerus

Question 24

Elbow dislocations - posterolateral dislocation occur as result of

Answer 24

elbow hyperextension from a fall on an outstretched UE

Question 25

Elbow - posterior dislocations often cause

Answer 25

avulsion fractures of medial epicondyle secondary to traction of medial collateral ligament

Question 26

Elbow - dislocations - anterior and radial head dislocations account for what percent of all elbow dislocations

Answer 26

1-2%

Question 27

Elbow dislocations - with a complete dislocation what will occur

Answer 27

ulnar collateral ligament will rupture with possible rupture of anterior capsule, lateral collateral ligament, brachialis muscle and/or wrist flexor and extensor muscles