Foot and ankle conditions Flashcards
Ligament sprains - most common
95% involve lateral ligaments
Ligament sprains - with lateral sprains - the foot is ____ at time of injury
PF and inverted
Ligaments sprains - grading system - grade 1
no loss of function, minimal tearing of anterior talofibular ligament
Ligament sprains - grading system - grade 2
some loss of function, partial disruption of anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligaments
Ligament sprains - grading system - grade 3
complete loss of function with complete tearing of anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments wiht partial tear of posterior talofibular ligement
Fractures of foot and ankle - unimalleolar involves
medial or lateral malleolus
Fractures of foot and ankle - bimalleolar involves
both medial and lateral malleoli
Fractures of foot and ankle - trimalleolar involves
both medial and alteral malleoli and posterior tubercle of distal tibia
Fractures of foot and ankle - what types are most concern and have high complication rate
Type 3 and 4 fractures (using salter harris classification)
Fractures of foot and ankle - type three anatomical deformity salter harris
portion of epiphysis
Fractures of foot and ankle - type four anatomical deformity salter harris
portion of the epiphysis and portion of the metaphysis
Tarsal tunnel syndrome - is what
entrapment of posterior tibial nerve or one of its branches within the tarsal tunnel
tarsal tunnel syndrome - how does it happen
over/excessive pronation, overuse problems resulting in tendonitis of long flexor and posterior tibialis tendon, and trauma may compromise space in tarsal tunnel
Flexor hallicus tendonopathy - commonly seen in who
ballet performers
Pes cavus - deformity observes
hollow foot increased height of longitudinal arches dropping of anterior arch metatarsal heads lower than hindfoot PF and splaying of forefoot, and claw toes
Equinus - deformity observed
PF foot
Equinus - compensation secondary to limited DF includes
subtalar or midtarsal pronation
Hallux valgus - deformity observed
medial deviation of head of first metatarsal from midline of body
metatarsal and base of proximal first phalanx move medially, while distal phalanx moves laterally
Metatarsalgia - etiology - mechanical
tight triceps surae and/or achilles, collapse of transverse arch, short first ray, pronation of forefoot
Metatarsalgia - frequent complaint heard is
Pain at first and second metatarsal heads after long periods of WB
Charcot Marie Tooth disease - is what
Peroneal mm atrophy affects motor and sensory nerves
Charcot marie tooth disease - can begin in
childhood or adulthood
Charcot marie tooth disease - initially affects mm in
lower leg and foot and then progresses to mm of hand and forearm
Plantar fasciitis - s/s
limited ROM of first MTP and talocrural joint
tight triceps surae
rigid cavus foot
acute injury from excessive loading of foot
