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NPTE MS > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Femur - femoral condyles are

A

Convex ant/post and med/lat
Medial condyle descends further inferiorly
Lateral has larger SA

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2
Q

Tibia - Medial tibial condyle is

A

Biconcave

Larger SA - more stable, less mobile

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3
Q

Tibia - Lateral tibial condyle is

A

Convex ant/post
Concave med/lat
Smaller surface area, less stable, more mobile

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4
Q

Proximal tibiofibular joint

A

Tibial facet is slightly convex

Fibular head is slightly concave

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5
Q

Tibiofemoral joint

A

Synovial hinge joint with 2 DF

Minimal stability - relies on capsule, ligaments, mm

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6
Q

Patellofemoral joint - what guides patellar tracking

A

Oblique groove running inferiorly and laterally is guiding mechanism on femur for patellar tracking

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7
Q

Patellofemoral joint - Patellar surface of femur

A

Patellar surface of femur is concave transversely
Convex sagitally
Gives is saddle (sellar) shape

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8
Q

Knee flexors

A 
Biceps femoris
Semimembranous
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
TFL at more than 45 
Popliteus
Gastroc
Plantaris
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9
Q

Knee extensors

A 
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris
TFL less than 30 degrees
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10
Q

Knee IR

A 
Semiten
Semimem
Sartorius
Gracilis
Popliteus
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11
Q

Knee ER

A

Biceps femoris

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12
Q

Tibiofemoral capsule is attached where

A

a fibrous sleeve attached to distal femur and proximal tibia

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13
Q

TIbiofemoral capsule - inner wall is covered by

A

synovium

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14
Q

Proximal tibiofibular joint has a fibrous capsule that is

A

Continuous with knee joint capsule 10% of time

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15
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament runs from

A

Medial aspect of medial femoral condyle to upper end of tibia
Post fibers blend with capsule

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16
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament - taut in ___ ;slack in ___

A

taut - extension

slack - flexion

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17
Q

Medial collateral ligament - provides

A

stability against valgus forces

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18
Q

Medial collateral ligament - runs in what direction

A

same as ACL

oblique - ant and inf

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19
Q

Lateral collateral ligament - runs from

A

lateral femoral condyle to head of fibula

No capsular attachment

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20
Q

Lateral collateral ligament - runs in what direction

A

oblique inf and post

Same as PCL

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21
Q

Lateral collateral ligament - taut ___ ; slack ___

A

Taut - extension

Slack - flexion

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22
Q

Lateral collateral ligament - prevents

A

ER and provides stability against varus forces

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23
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament - attaches to

A

anterior intercondylar fossa of tibia and to femur at medial aspect of lateral condyle

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24
Q

ACL - runs in what direction

A

oblique sup and lat

thickening of the capsule

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25
Q

ACL - check ___ and limits __

A

Checks forward gliding of tibia on femur

Limits IR of tibia during flexion as it twists around PCL

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26
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament - attaches to

A

Posterior intercondylar fossa of tibia and on lateral surface of femoral medial condyle

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27
Q

PCL - runs in what direction

A

Oblique med and ant/sup

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28
Q

PCL - checks ___

A

posterior displacement of tibia on femur

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29
Q

Meniscofemoral ligament - runs with

A

PCL

30
Q

Meniscofemoral ligament - attaches

A

below posterior horn of lateral meniscus

Insertion into lateral aspect of medial condyle

31
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament - inserts into

A

expansion from tendon of semimembranosus

Partially blends with capsule

32
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament - function

A

forms floor of popliteal fossa
in contact with popliteal arterial artery
strengthens posteriomedial capsule

33
Q

Arcuate popiteal ligament - commonly describes as

A

Y - has two bands - medial and lateral

34
Q

Arcuate popliteal ligament - stem, med and lat attachments

A

Stem - fibular head
Med band - post border of intercondylar area pf tibia
Lat band - lateral epicondyle of femur

35
Q

Arcuate popliteal ligament - strengthens

A

posterolateral capsule

36
Q

Transverse ligament - connects

A

lateral and medial meniscus anteriorly

37
Q

Meniscopatellar ligament -

A

runs from inferolateral edges of patella to lateral borders of each meniscus
Pulls menisci forward with ext

38
Q

Alar fold - runs from

A

lateral borders of patella to medial and lateral aspects of femoral condyles
Keeps patella in contact with femur

39
Q

Infrapatellar fold - formed by attachments of

A

patella fat pad and tendons via fibroadipose band lying in intercondylar notch
Acts as stop gap as is compressed by patellar tendon with full flexion

40
Q

Proximal tibiofibular joint ligament - anterior is located ____ and reinforces ___

A

Located on anterior aspect of joint

Reinforces anterior capsule

41
Q

Proximal tibiofemoral joint ligaments - posterior is located ___ and reinforces ____

A

Located on posterior aspect of joint

Reinforces posterior capsule

42
Q

Menisci - Medial - attachments

A

Laterally is attached to MCL and capsule
Semimem attaches to it
Medial meniscopatellar lig attaches to it

43
Q

Menisci - Lateral vs. Medial

A

Lateral is smaller and more circular

44
Q

Menisci - Lateral - What attaches to it

A

Popliteus mm
Lateral meniscopatellar ligament
Meniscofemoral ligament

45
Q

Lateral meniscus is separated from LCL and lateral capsule by what

A

Popliteus mm tendon

46
Q

Function of the menisci (6)

A

1 Deepen fossa of tibia
2 Inc congruency of tibia and femur
3 Provide stability to tibiofemoral joint
4 Provide shock absorption and lubrication to knee
5 Reduce friction during mvmnt
6 Improve weight distribution

47
Q

Movement of menisci with flex/ext

A

Follow movement of tibia

48
Q

Movement of menisci with IR/ER

A

Follow femoral condyles

49
Q

Movement of menisci - medial vs. lateral

A

Medial - 6mm

Lateral - 12mm

50
Q

With isolated tibial rotation, the menisci move

A

opposite

So with tibial IR, medial moves ant and lat moves post

51
Q

Medial meniscus is pulled post (flexion) by

A

Semimem mm and ACL

52
Q

Medial meniscus is pulled ant (ext) by

A

medial meniscopatellar ligament

53
Q

Lateral meniscus is pulled post (flex) by

A

popliteus mm

54
Q

Lateral meniscus is pulled ant (ext) by

A

lateral meniscopatellar ligament and meniscofemoral ligament

55
Q

Prepatellar bursa - located

A

btw skin and anterior distal patella

56
Q

Superficial infrapatellar bursa - located

A

anterior to ligamentum patella

57
Q

Deep infrapatellar bursa - located

A

btw post ligamentum patella and anterior tibial tub

58
Q

Suprapatellar bursa - located

A

between patella and tibiofemoral joint

59
Q

Popliteal bursa - lcoated

A

posterior knee - often connected to synovial cavity

60
Q

Semimembranous bursa - located

A

between mm and femoral condyle

61
Q

Gastrocnemius bursa - located

A

one for each head

medial usually communicates with semimembranous bursa

62
Q

Pes anserine bursa - located

A

between pes anserine and MCL

63
Q

Movement of femoral condyles with flex

A

femoral condyles roll post, ACL becomes taut, condyles glide anteriorly

64
Q

Movement of femoral condyles with ext

A

femoral condyles roll ant, PCL becomes taut, condyles glide posteriorly

65
Q

Conjunct rotation - during flexion there is a conjunct rotation of what

A

medial rotation of tibia

66
Q

Conjunct rotation - during extension there is conjunct rotation of what

A

lateral rotation of tibia

67
Q

Screw home mechanism describes what

A

5 degrees of ER that occurs at terminal extension

68
Q

Causes for screw home mechanism

A

1 lateral femoral condyle glides more freely on tibia
2 medial femoral condyle has longer articular surface
3 medial meniscus attached to MCL (which tightens in ext) - medial men stops gliding but lateral continues and you get IR of femur - or ER of tibia

69
Q

Biomechanics of proximal tibiofibular joint - DF of talocrural joint

A

Fibular head glides superiorly and posteriorly

Fibular shaft ER

70
Q

Biomechanics of proximal tibiofibular joint - PF of talocrural joint

A

Fibular head glides inf and ant

Fibular shaft IR

NPTE MS (29 decks)

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